Exercise 4: The Concept of Validity
Due Date: Thursday, September 27
2. It is not necessary to justify your answer.
3. If you are uncertain about some of the answers, use the
techniques set out in the class - such as Venn diagrams.
1. All Nazis were
anti-Semitic.
Hitler was anti-Semitic.
Therefore, Hitler was a Nazi.
Valid
___ Invalid ___
2. All fish can swim.
Some things that swim live in the
ocean.
Therefore,
some fish live in the ocean.
Valid
___ Invalid ___
3. No one who is not a
member of the Catholic Church can be saved.
The Pope is not a member of the
Catholic Church.
Therefore, the
Pope cannot be saved.
Valid ___
Invalid ___