“When Were You Conceived?,” delivered at Tulane University Philosophy Department  faculty research colloquium,
  November, 1995.

  Several philosophers and embryologists have argued that the conceptus during the first few weeks after fertilization is not yet
  a single, individual organism.  I explain the importance of this argument for moral questions about post-coital methods of birth
  control and early embryonic research, identify an important problem with the argument which its proponents have failed to
  note, and attempt to show  how the problem can be overcome.