Abbreviations

AWF = Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers As President Of The United States, 1953-61 (the Ann Whitman File), Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS.

FRUS = Foreign Relations of the United States (Department of State,Washington, DC). FRUS is cited by year, volume, and page number.

GE = Ira Chernus, General Eisenhower: Ideology and Rhetoric (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2002).

NSA = The National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

NSC = Memorandum of Conversation, Meeting of the National Security Council.

NYT = The New York Times.

PDDE = The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), Volumes 1-5, The War Years and Occupation 1945, edited by Alfred Chandler and Louis Galambos (1978); Volume 6, Occupation: 1945, edited by Alfred Chandler and Louis Galambos (1978); volumes 7-9, The Chief of Staff, edited by Louis Galambos [1978]; volumes 10-11, Columbia University, edited by Louis Galambos, (1984); volumes 12-13, NATO and the Campaign of 1952, edited by Louis Galambos (1989); volumes 14-17, The Presidency: The Middle Way, edited by Louis Galambos and Daun Van Ee (1996). PDDE is cited by volume and page number (not document number).

PPP = Public Papers of the President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, cited by volume ( = year) and page number.

Slpd = The St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

WHCF = White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS.