This course provides an advanced introduction to foundational issues in philosophy of science. No background in philosophy of science or science is presupposed. Among the issues that we will discuss are: What is the nature of the evidential relation between a scientific hypothesis/theory and the data that supports it; can scientists confirm or falsify their hypotheses and theories? Is there a single "scientific method" for all of science; does the methodology of, e.g., the historical sciences differ from that of the experimental sciences? What does scientific objectivity and rationality really consist in? What is a law of nature? What role do natural laws play in scientific reasoning? What is a scientific explanation; is it just prediction in reverse? Can probabilistic (indeterministic) explanations really explain? The last three weeks of the class will be devoted to discussion of a now classic book, Nancy Cartwright's The Dappled World, which argues against the popular idea that nature can be described by a single, fundamental theory of everything.