2. In what ways are Mahler’s symphonies programmatic?--p. 655

3. How does Mahler employ vocal material in his symphonies?--p. 655-659

4. How does Mahler employ tonality?--p. 658

5. What are the two kinds of programs for a symphonic poem? What kinds does
      Strauss use?--p. 660-661

6. What is the formal structure of Strauss’s Don Quixote? In what ways does he
      employ a variation technique?--p. 662

7. What influence did Strauss’s operas have on later German music?--p. 663

8. How does the style of Der Rosenkavalier depart from that of Strauss’s earlier
      operas?--p. 664*

9. What was the state of secular art music in Russia prior to the 19th century?--p.
      666

10. In what ways did Glinka and Dargomïzhsky help to develop a national Russian
      style?--p. 666

11. Who are the "mighty handful"? What elements of style do they have in com-
      mon?--p. 667

12. What are the salient features of Musorgsky’s style?--p.668-671

13. What are the features of the French revival after 1871? What are the three main
      lines of development of French music at that time?--p. 677

14. What is musical Impressionism?--p. 680**

15. What influences helped shape Debussy’s style?--p. 680—681

16. What is the harmonic language of Debussy’s Nuages?--p. 681-682 (and
      NAWM 131)

17. Be able to describe Debussy’s orchestration--p. 682