Biological researches: from membrane-bound bacteriophage, to electric fish & synaptic receptors, intermediate filaments, adhesion, gene regulation, germ layer specification and interactions.

After receptors, began a post-doc with Martin Raff (UC London). 

After some futile attempts to clone neural precursors, I started working on the functional roles of intermediate filaments, first on the vimentin-filament system of fibroblasts and later, with Birgitte Lane, on the keratin-type filament systems of epithelial cells. 

This was interesting introduction into the world of experimental cell biology, as well as the sociology of science; particularly how different fields "work".

I then moved to New York, and worked with Lee Rubin (Rockefeller University) on synaptic clutering of acetylcholine receptor and esterase in cultured muscle.

One cannot underestimate Lee's patience with me, as I was in a traumatized state!!!

I then moved on to take a position in MCD Biology, UC Boulder - where I have been ever since!  At Boulder, I have moved from intermediate filaments and human disease (Giant Axonal Neuropathy), to filament function in situ (Xenopus), to the role of beta-catenin and plakoglobin (gamma-catenin) in axis formation, to Sox proteins and the specification of germ layers, to the Nodal network, the regulation and function of the transcription factors Slug, Snail, and Twist and their role in the Nodal network, mesoderm formation, and mesodermal-neural crest interactions (WOW) - this of course does not mention my growing interest in the area of effective teaching, efficient course and curricular design, the training of science teachers and the design of the curricua they are called upon to teach.