KOVAL GROUP - PUBLICATIONS

104. Paul Scovazzo, Jesse Kieft, Dan Finan, Carl Koval, Richard Noble Gas Separations Using Non-Hexafluorophosphate [PF₆] Anion Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes, J.Memb. Sci. (2003) submitted.

103. Paul Scovazzo, Joe Poshusta, Daniel DuBois, Carl Koval, Richard Noble, "Electrochemical Separation and Concentration of <1% Carbon Dioxide from Nitrogen," J. Electrochem. Soc., (2003) 150, D91.

102. Michelle L. Goyette, Theresa L. Longin, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Selective Photofacilitated Transport of Sodium Ions Through Liquid Membranes: Key Factors in Experimental Design, Transport Results and Comparison with a Mathematical Model," J. Memb. Sci. (2003) 212, 225-35.

101. Paul Scovazzo, Ann E. Visser, James H. Davis, Jr., Robin D. Rogers, Carl A. Koval, Dan L. DuBois, and Richard D. Noble, " Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes and Facilitated Ionic Liquid Membranes”, ACS Sym. Ser. (2002) 818, 69-87.

100. Serena D. Webb, Carl A. Koval, Catherine M. Randolph, Theodore W. Randolph, "Electrochemical Determination of Dissolution Rates of Lyophilized Pharmaceutical Formulations," Anal. Chem. (2001) 73, 5296-5301.

99. Teresa L. Longin, Michelle L. Goyette, Carl A. Koval, "Liquid Membranes with Light Switches," Chemical Innovation (2001) 31, 23-30.

98. Anawat Sungpet, J.D. Way, Carl A. Koval, M.E. Eberhart, "Silver doped Nafion-poly(pyrrole) membranes for facilitated permeation of liquid phase olefins," J. Memb. Sci., (2001) 4905, 1-9.

97. Markus D. Groner and Carl A. Koval, "Electron Transfer at n-silicon/methanol interfaces: effects of ferricenium pretreatment and silicon dioxide overlayers," J. Electroanal. Chem. (2001) 498, 201-8.

96. Karen J. Buechler, Theresa M. Zawistowski, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Investigation of the Mechanism for the Controlled Periodic Illumination Effect in TiO2 Photocatalysis", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (2001) 40 (4), 1097-1102.

95. Russel M. Goering, Christopher N. Bowman, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, Martin E. Ashley, "Complexation Structure and Transport Mechanism of 1,5-Hexadiene and 1-Hexene Through Silver Facilitated Transport Membranes" J. Memb. Sci., (2000) 172, 49-57.

94. Sarah l. Roberts, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Strategy for Selection of Composite Membrane Materials, " Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (2000) 6, 1673-1682.

93. Heather O. Shafer, Torri L. Derbach, Carl A. Koval, " Electron Transfer Reactions of Hydrophobic Metallocenes with Aqueous Redox Couples at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Part 1. Solvent, Electrolyte Partitioning and Thermodynamic Issues" J. Phys. Chem. B., (2000) 104, 1025-32.

92. Carl A. Koval, Leonard Kaljevic, Richard D. Noble, "Polymeric membrane Materials as Ligands for Ag(I) Ions: Design and Use for Hydrocarbon Separation", Macromolecular Symposia, (2000) 156, 37-44.

91. Karen J. Buechler, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, Theresa M. Zawistowski, Caroline H. Nam, "Design and Evaluation of a Novel Controlled Periodic Illumination Reactor to Study Photocatalysis," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1999) 38, 1258-63.

90. Karen J. Buechler, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, William A. Jacoby, "Investigation of the Effects of Controlled Periodic Illumination on the Oxidation of Gaseous TCE Using a Thin Film of TiO₂," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1999) 38, 892-6.

89. Carl A. Koval, Debra L. Bryant, Sarah L. Roberts, R.D. Noble, Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Silver Nitrate Facilitated Transport Membranes for the Separation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Compounds," ACS Sym. Ser., (1999) 733, 127-34.

88. Russel M. Goering, Christopher N. Bowman, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, D.L. Williamson, "Role of Ion-Exchange Membrane Morphology and Sorption Properties on Facilitated Transport Olefin Separations" J. Memb. Sci., (1998) 144, 133-43.

87. Teresa L. Longin, Carl A. Koval and Richard D. Noble, "Photopumping in Liquid Membranes Containing Photoactive Carriers," J. Phys. Chem. B., (1998) 102, 2064-75.

86. Teresa L. Longin, Carl A. Koval and Richard D. Noble, "Photomodulation of Transport Rates in Liquid Membranes Containing Photoactive Carriers" J. Phys. Chem. B., (1998) 102, 1036-52.

85. David K. Watts and Carl A. Koval, "Electrochemistry of GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice Electrodes in Acetonitrile Solutions with Metallocene Redox Couples, " J. Electroanal. Chem., (1998) 443, 33-40.

84. Teresa L. Longin, Carl A. Koval and Richard D. Noble, "Photomodulation and Photopumping in Membranes Containing Carriers Optimized for Facilitated Transport in the Dark, " J. Phys. Chem. B., (1997) 101, 7172-79.

83. Markus D. Groner, David K. Watts and Carl A. Koval, "Further Investigation of the Reduction of Alkyl Bromides by Hot Electrons at p-InP Photocathodes," J. Electrochem Soc., (1997) 144, 1690-96.

82. Takayuki Suzuki, Richard D. Noble and Carl A. Koval, "Electrochemistry, Stability, and Alkene Complexation Chemistry for Copper(I) Triflate in Aqueous Solution. Potential Use for Electro-chemically Modulated Complexation Based Separation Processes," Inorg. Chem., (1997) 36, 136-40.

81. Debra L. Bryant, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Facilitated Transport Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane with Polyvinylalcohol AgNO₃ Membranes," J. Memb. Sci., (1997) 127, 161-70.

80. Patricia A. Terry, Richard D. Noble, Daniel Swanson, Carl A. Koval, "Electrochemically Modulated Complexation Process for Ethylene/Ethane Separation," A.I.Ch.E.J. (1997) 43, 1709-16.

79. Sarah L. Kohls, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, Effects of Molecular Structure and Equivalent Weight on Facilitated Transport of Alkenes in Ag(I)-PFSA Membranes," J. Memb. Sci., (1997) 125, 61-73.

78. David S. Manley, Donald Williamson, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Morphological Changes and Facilitated Transport Characteristics for Nafion Membranes of Various Equivalent Weights," Chem. Mat., (1996) 8, 2595-2600.

77. Torbjorn Pettersen, Andrew Argo, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Design of Combined Membrane and Distillation Processes," Sep. Tech., (1996) 6, 175-87.

76. Takeo Yamaguchi, Chelsey Baertsch, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, Christopher N. Bowman, " Olefin Separation Using Silver Impregnanted Ion-Exchange Membranes and Silver Salt/Polymer Blend Membranes," J. Memb. Sci., (1996) 117, 151-61.

75. David K. Watts and Carl A. Koval, "Characterization of the Semiconductor Electrolyte Interface of p-GaAs/GaInP₂ Electrodes in Acetonitrile Solutions," J. Phys. Chem., (1996) 100, 5509-15.

74. Carl A. Koval, Debra Lee Bryant, Heidi Engelhardt, David Manley, Roberto Rabago, Paul Thoen, Richard.D. Noble, "Faciliatated Transport of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons in Perfluorosulfonic Acid (Nafion) Membranes, " ACS Sym. Ser., (1996) 642, 286-302.

73. Roberto Rabago, Debra L. Bryant, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Evidence for Parallel Pathways in the Facilitated Transport of Alkenes Through Ag+-Exchanged Nafion Films,"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1996) 35, 1090-96.

72. Takeo Yamaguchi, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, Christopher N. Bowman, "Transport Mechanism of Carbon Dioxide Through Perfluorosufonate Ionomer Membranes Containing an Amine Carrier," Chem. Eng. Sci, (1996) 51, 4781-89.

71. Nancy S. Foster, Carl A. Koval, Jeffrey G. Sczechowski, Richard D. Noble, Investigation of Controlled Periodic Illumination Effects on Photooxidation Processes at Titanium Dioxide Films Using Rotating Ring Disk Photoelectrochemistry," J. Electroanal. Chem., (1996) 406, 213-17.

70. Carl A. Koval, Review of "Surface Electron Transfer Processes," by Miller, McClendon, Nozik, Schmickler and Willig. J. Am. Chem. Soc. , (1995) 117, 12,903.

69. Takeo Yamaguchi, Lars M. Boetje, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, Christopher N. Bowman, "Transport Properties, of Carbon Dioxide through Amine Functionalized Carrier Membranes," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1995) 34, 4071-77.

68. Jeffrey G. Sczechowski, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, "A Taylor Vortex Reactor for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis," Chem. Eng. Sci., (1995) 50, 3163-73.

67. Wolfgang Stephan, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, Design Methodology for a Membrane/Distillation Column Hybrid Process, J. Memb. Sci., (1995) 99, 259-72.

66. Patricia A. Terry, H. Jeremy Walls, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Electrochemically Modulated Complexation Process for Gas Removal and Concentration," A.I.Ch.E.J. (1995) 41,2556-64.

65. Nancy S. Foster, Alice N. Lancaster, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "The Effect of Organic Hole Scavenger on the Photodeposition of Copper in Titanium Dioxide Suspensions," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1995) 34, 3865-71.

64. William A. Jacoby, Daniel M. Blake, Richard D. Noble. Carl A. Koval, "Kinetics of the Oxidation of Trichloroethylene in Air via Heterogeneous Photocatalysis," J. Catalysis (1995) 157, 87-96.

63. Srinivas Moganti, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Analysis of a Membrane/Distillation Column Hybrid Process," J. Memb. Sci., (1994) 93, 31-44.

62. Jason N. Howard and Carl A. Koval, "Kinetics of Reduction of Dimethylferricenium Ion in Acetonitrile at Nearly Ideal Regions of n-Tungsten Diselenide Electrodes, " Anal. Chem., (1994) 66, 4525-31.

61. William A. Jacoby, Mark R. Nimlos, Daniel M. Blake, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Products, Intermediates, Mass Balances, and Reaction Pathways for the Oxidation of Trichloroethylene in Air via Heterogeneous Photocatalysis," Env. Sci. Tech. , (1994) 28, 1661-68.

60. Roberto Rabago, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Effects of Incorporation of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Surfactants into Perfluorosulfonic Acid (Nafion) Membranes," Chem. Mat.,

(1994) 6, 947-51.

59. Carl A. Koval, P. Thoen and R.D. Noble, "Unexpectedly Large Selectivities for Olefin Separations Utilizing Silver Ion in Ion-Exchange Membranes," J. Phys. Chem., (1994) 98, 1262-69.

58. John Pellegrino, Deyan Wang, Rob Rabago, Rich Noble, Carl Koval, "Gas Transport Properties of Solution-Cast Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomer Films Containing Ionic Surfactants," J. Memb, Sci., (1993) 84, 161-69.

57. Carl A. Koval and Robert Torres, "Detection of Hot Electrons at a p-InP/Pt Rotating Ring/Disk Photoelectrode," J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1993) 115, 8368-75.

56. Hans H. Funke, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Separation of Gaseous Olefin Isomers using Facilitated Transport Membranes," J. Memb. Sci., (1993) 84, 229-36.

55. Jeffrey G. Sczechowski, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, "Evidence of Optimal Illumination and Dark Recovery Times for Increasing the Quantum Yield in Aqueous Heterogeneous Photocatalysis," J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, (1993) 74, 273-8.

54. Nancy S. Foster, Garrett N. Brown, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Use of TiO₂ Photocatalysis in the Treatment of Spent Electyroless Copper Plating Baths," Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, D.F. Ollis and H. El-Ekabi (Eds.) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., (1993) 365-73.

53. Nancy S. Foster, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Reversible Photoreductive and Oxidative Dissolution of Copper Ions in Titanium Dioxide Aqueous Suspensions," Env. Sci. Tech. (1993) 27, 350-56.

52. Jeffrey G. Sczechowski, Carl A. Koval, Richard D. Noble, "Improved Photoefficiencies for TiO₂ Photocatalytic Reactors Through Use of Controlled Periodic Illumination," Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, D.F. Ollis and H. El-Ekabi (Eds.) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., (1993) 645-49.

51. N. Jemaa, J. Walls, R.D. Noble, D.E. Wedman, C.A. Koval, " A Continuous Electrochemically Modulated Complexation Process For Selective Solute Extraction and Concentration," A.I.Ch. E. J., (1993) 39, 867-75.

50. Thanh Thi-Bang To, Richard D. Noble, Carl A. Koval, "Effects of Protonation on the Transport of Hydrophobic, Aromatic Amines Through Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes," J. Memb. Sci., (1992) 75, 293-97.

49. C.A. Koval and J.N. Howard, "Electron Transfer at Semiconductor Electrode / Liquid Electrolyte Interfaces," Chem. Rev., (1992) 92, 411-33.

48. G.N. Brown, J.W. Birks, C.A. Koval, " Development and Characterization of a Titanium Dioxide-Based Semiconductor Photoelectrochemical Detector," Anal. Chem., (1992) 64, 427-34.

47. C.A. Koval, T. Spontarelli, P. Thoen, R.D. Noble, "Swelling and Thickness Effects on the Facilitated Transport Membrane Based Separation of Styrene and Ethylbenzene," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., (1992) 31, 1116-22.

46. N. Jemaa, J. Yu, R.D. Noble, S.M. Drew, D.E. Wedman and C.A. Koval, "Two Methods to Study the Aggregation of Complexing Agents Used to Alter Solute Partitioning Between Phases," Sep. Sci. Tech., (1992) 27, 901-15..

45. L. Nixon, C.A. Koval, R.D. Noble, G.S. Slaff, "Preparation and Characterization of Novel Magnetite-Coated Ion-Excgange Particles," Chem. Mat., (1992) 4, 117-21.

44. J.N. Howard and C.A. Koval, "Design and Performance of a Minielectrochemical Cell for Spatial Resolution of 2-D Structures," Anal. Chem., (1991) 63, 2777-86.

43. A. Dindi, R.D. Noble,J. Yu, C.A. Koval, "Experimental and Modeling Studies of a Parasitic Binding Mechanism in Facilitated Membrane Transport," J. Memb. Sci., (1992) 66, 55-68.

42. K. Ozekin, R.D. Noble, C.A. Koval, "A Theoretical Analysis of the Extraction of Heterocyclic Organic Compounds from an Organic Phase Using Chemically Mediated Electrochemically Modulated Complexation in Ion Exchange Polymer Beads," Sep. Tech., (1992) 2, 29-38.

41. L. Nixon, C.A. Koval, R.D. Noble, G.S. Slaff, "The Effects of Magnetic Stabilization on the Structure and Performance of Liquid-Fluidized Beds," Bioseparation, (1991) 64, 217-30.

40. N. Jemaa, R.D. Noble, C.A. Koval, " Combined Mass and Energy Balance Analysis of Electrochemically Modulated Chemical Equilibrium Stage Process," Chem. Eng. Sci., (1992) 47, 1469-79.

39. B.B. Smith and C.A. Koval, " Some Interrelationships of Inhomogeneous Liquid and Solid State Theory in the Weak Coupling Limit for Coulombic Systems," J. Electroanal. Chem., (1991) 319,

19-31.

38. A. Dindi, R.D. Noble, C.A. Koval, "An Analytical Solution for Competitive Facilitated Membrane Transport," J. Memb. Sci., (1992) 65, 39-45.

37. N. Jemaa, R.D. Noble, C.A. Koval, J. Yu "Electrochemically Modulated Equilibrium Stage Processes," Chem. Eng. Sci., (1991) 46, 1017-26.

36. C.A. Koval, S.M. Drew, Y. Jianhan, R.D. Noble, "Electrochemistry of Axial a Water-Soluble Iron Porphyrin and Its Exploitation for Selective Removal and Concentration of Environmentally Hazardous Materials Via Electrochemically Modulated Complexation," Inorg. Chem., (1990) 29, 4708-14.

35. C.A. Koval and P.R. Segar, "Mechanistic Aspects of Reductions by Hot Electrons in p-InP/Acetonitrile Photoelectrochemical Cells," J. Phys. Chem. (1990) 94, 2033-39.

34. C.A. Koval, P.R. Segar, B. Koel, S. Gebhard, "A Comprehensive Investigation of HCl and Br₂/NH₃ (aq) Etched p-InP Interfaces," J. Electrochem Soc. (1990) 137, 544-552.

33. B. B. Smith and C.A. Koval, "An Investigation of the Image Potential at the Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface Employing Nonlocal Electrostatics," J. Electroanal. Chem. (1990) 277, 43-72.

32. C.A. Koval, T. Sponarelli, R.D. Noble, "Styrene/Ethylbenzene Separation Using Facilitated Transport Through Perfluorosulfonate Ionomer Membranes," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (1989) 28, 1020-24.

31. R.D. Noble, J.J. Pellegrino, C.A. Koval, "Overview of Facilitated Transport Membrane Systems," Chem. Eng. Prog. (1989) Mar., 58-70.

30. G.N. Brown, John W. Birks, C.A. Koval, "On-Plate Electrochemical Detection for Thin-Layer Chromatography," Analytical Lett. (1989) 22, 507-518.

29. C.A. Koval, P.R. Segar, " Photoelectrochemical Reduction of a Cu(I) Complex To Copper Metal By Hot Electrons at p-InP." J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) 111, 2004-10.

28. C. A. Koval, S.M. Drew, "Catalytic Effect of Sulfur Dioxide on the Electrode Kinetics of the Triiodide/Iodide Couple." Inorg. Chem. (1988) 27, 4323-4325.

27. C. A. Koval, J.B. Olson, "Simultaneous Determination of Interfacial Energetics and Kinetic Currents at the WSe₂/Acetonitrile Interface." J. Phys. Chem. (1988) 92, 6726-6732.

26. C.A. Koval, J.B. Olson, B.A. Parkinson, "Ideal Polarizable Semiconductor-Solution Interfaces." ACS Sym Ser. (1988) 378, 438-450.

25. C.A. Koval, S.M. Drew, T. Spontarelli, R.D. Noble, "Concentration and Removal of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Compounds From Organic Liquid Phases Using Electrochemically Modulated Chemical Complexation." Sep. Sci Tech. (1988) 23, 1389-1399.

24. P. R. Segar, C. A. Koval, "Interfacial Energetics of the p-InP Acetonitrile Interface" J. Electrochem. Soc. (1988) 135, 2655-2656.

23. C. A. Koval, T. Spontarelli, "Condensed Phase Facilitated Transport of Olefins Through an Ion-Exchange Membrane." J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1988) 110, 293-295.

22. C. A. Koval, J. B. Olson, "Simple Jet Electrodes for Kinetic and Synthetic Purposes." Anal. Chem. (1988) 60, 88-90.

21. C.A. Koval, J.B. Olson, "Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of WSe₂ Electrodes Having a Wide Range of Doping Densities," J. Electroanal. Chem. (1987) 234, 133-143.

20. C.A. Koval, Z.E. Reyes, Chemical Aspects of Facilitated Transport Through Liquid Membranes," ACS Sym. Ser. (1987) 347, 28-38.

19. C.A. Koval, R.M. Gustafson, C. M. Reidema, "The Use of Internal Standards for the Measurement of Reaction Entropies," Inorg. Chem. (1987) 26, 950-952.

18. C. A. Koval, M. E. Ketterer, C. M. Reidsema, "Steric Effects in Electron Transfer Reactions. 3. Use of Diffusion Coefficients to Estimate the Effective Radii of Transition Metal Complexes," J. Phys. Chem. (1986), 90, 4201-4205.

17. C. A. Koval, R. L. Austermann, "The Effects of Surface Energetics on the Cyclic Voltammetry of Metallocenes at Nonilluminated n-InP Electrodes," J. Electrochem. Soc. (1985) 132, 2656-62.

16. C. A. Koval, C. J. Rutkowski, J. P. Cowan, "Circuit for Optimal Matching Instrumental Output to Analog-to-Digital Converters," Anal. Chem. (1985) 57, 1163-1165.

15. C. A. Koval, R. D. Noble, J. D. Way, B. Louie, Z. E. Reyes, B. R. Bateman, G. B. Horm, D. L. Reed, "An Iron (II) Macrocyclic Complex Which Selectively Facilitates The Transport of Gaseous CO Through Liquid Membrances," Inorg. Chem. (1985) 24, 1147-1152.

14. C. A. Koval, R. L. Austermann, J. A. Turner, B. A. Parkinson, "The Effects of Surface Energetics and Surface Oxide Layers on the Cyclic Voltammetry of Metallocenes at Nonilluminated p-InP Electrodes," J. Electrochem. Soc. (1985) 132, 613-623.

13. C. A. Koval, M. E. Ketterer, "Steric Effects in Electron Transfer Reactions. 2. Reduction of Co (III) (alkylamine)₅(H₂0)³⁺ Complexes At Mercury And Platinum Electrodes," J. Electroanal. Chem. (1984) 175, 263-277.

12. C. A. Koval, R. L. A. Pravata, C. M. Reidsema, "Steric Effects in Electron Transfer Reactions. 1. Trends In Rate Constants For Reactions Between Members Of Structurally Related Redox Series," Inorg. Chem. (1984) 23, 545-53.

11. C. A. Koval, D. W. Margerum, "Determination Of The Self-Exchange Electron Transfer Rate Constant For A Cu(III)/Cu(II) Tripeptide Complex By ¹H NMR Line-Broadening," Inorg. Chem. (1981) 20, 2311-18.

10. J. P. Collman, F. C. Anson, S. Bencosme, A. Chong, T. Collins, P. Denisevich, E. Evitt, T. Geiger, J. Ibers, G. Jameson, Y. Konai, C. Koval, K. Meier, R. Oakley, R. Pettman, E. Schmittou, J. Sessler, "Molecular Engineering: The Design And Synthesis Of Catalysts For The Rapid 4-Electron Reduction of Molecular Oxygen To Water," Proc. IUPAC Symp. Org. Syn. (1981) 3, 29-45.

9. R. R. Gagne, C. A. Koval, G. C. Lisensky, "Ferrocene As An Internal Standard For Electrochemical Measurements," Inorg. Chem. (1980) 19, 2854-55.

8. J. P. Collman, P. T. Denisevich, Y. Konai, M. Morrocco, C. Koval, F. C. Anson, "Electrode Catalysis of The Four-Electron Reduction of Oxygen By Dicobalt Face-To-Face Prophyrins," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1980) 102, 6027-36.

7. R. R. Gagne', C. A. Koval, T. J. Smith, W. S. Mialki, R. A. Walton, "The X-ray Photoelectron Spectra Of Copper(I) and Copper (II) Complexes Derived From Macrocyclic Ligands," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1980) 102, 1905-09.

6. R. R. Gagne', C. A. Koval, T. J. Smith, M. C. Cimolino, "Binuclear Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligands. Electrochemical And Spectral Properties of Homobinuclear Cu(II)Cu(II), Cu(II)Cu(I), And Cu(I)Cu(I) Species Including An Estimated Intramolecular Electron Trnasfer Rate," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1979) 101, 4571-80.

5. J. P. Collman, M. Moorrocco, P. Enisevich, C. Koval, F. C. Anson, "Potent Catalysis Of The Electroreduction Of Oxygen To Water By Dicobalt Porphyrin Dimers Adsorbed On Graphite Electrodes," J. Electroanal. Chem. (1978) 101, 117-22.

4. C. A. Koval, F. C. Anson, "Electrochemistry Of The Ru^3+,2+ Couple Attached To Graphite Electrodes," Anal. Chem. (1978) 50, 223-29.

3. R. R. Gagne', C. A. Koval, T. J. Smith, "Binuclear Complexes Of Macrocyclic Ligands: A Mixed-Valence Cu(II)Cu(I) Complex Which Exhibits Unusual Temperature Dependent Behavior," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1977) 99, 8367-68.

2. R. R. Gagne', J. L. Allison, R. S. Gall, C. A. Koval, "Models For Copper Containing Proteins: Structure And Properties Of Novel Five-Coordinate Cu(I) Complexes," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1977) 99, 7170-78.

1. A. P. Brown, C. A. Koval, F. C. Anson, "Illustructive Electochemical Behavior Of Reactants Irreversibly Adsorbed On Graphite Electrode Surfaces," J. Electroanal. Chem. (1976) 72, 379-87.

PATENTS

10. Thoen, P., Koval, C.A., Noble, R.D., "Unexpectedly Large Selectivities for Olefin Separations Utilizing Silver in Ion-Exchange Membranes, U.S. Patent No. 5,498,823, March 12, 1996.

9. J. Sczechowski, C. Koval, R.D. Noble, "Use of Controlled Periodic Illumination for an Improved Method of Photocatalysis and an Improved Reactor Design," U.S. Patent No. 5,439,652, Aug. 8, 1995.

8. J. Pelligrino, R. Rabago, C. Koval, R. Noble, "Enhancing Performance of Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes Via Dopant Incorporation" U.S. Patent No. 5,417,832, May 23, 1995.

5-7. M. R. DuBois, R. D. Noble and C. A. Koval, "Methods of Production of Novel Molybdenum-Sulfide Dimers and Reactions of the Same." U.S. Patent No. 5,391,791, Feb. 21, 1995, U.S. Patent No. 5,414,194, May 9, 1995, U.S. Patent No. 5,430,225, July 4, 1995.

4. N.S. Foster, C.A. Koval, R.D. Noble, "Reversible Photodeposition and Dissolution of Metal Ions," U.S. Patent No. 5,332,508, Sept. 20, 1993.

3. R. D. Noble, C. A. Koval, L. Nixon, G. F. Slaff, "Method for Preparing Magnetizable Porous Particles" U.S. Patent No. 5,110,624, May 5, 1992.

1,2. R. D. Noble, C. A. Koval, L. Nixon, G. F. Slaff, "Stationary Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed for Protein Separation and Purification." U.S. Patent No. 5,084,169, Jan. 28, 1992, U.S. Patent No. 5,130,027, July 14, 1992.