I. INTRODUCTION

The Humanation of Mars (AAS 81-227), Leonard W. David

Why Mars? (AAS 81-228), Christopher P. McKay, Carol R. Stoker

The Viking Fund: A Mandate from the People (AAS 81-229), Stan Kent

II. MISSION STRATEGY

New Approaches to Space Exploration (AAS 81-230), Malcolm LeCompte

The PH-D Proposal: A Manned Mission to Phobos and Deimos (AAS 81-231), S. Fred Singer

Report on the Results of the Mission Strategy Workshop of the Case for Mars Conference (AAS 81-232), J. R. French

III. SPACECRAFT DESIGN

Manned Mars Mission Landing and Departure Systems (AAS 81-233), Douglas B. Cross, Aubrey J. Butts

Solar Electric Propulsion Stage as a Mars Exploration Tool (AAS 81-234), Stan Kent

An Expedition to Mars Employing Shuttle-Era Systems, Solar Sails and Aerocapture (AAS 81-235), Robert L. Staehle

The External Tank Scenario: Utilization of the Shuttle External Tank for Earth to Mars Transit (AAS 81-236), Thomas C. Taylor

IV. LIFE SUPPORT

Extended Mission Life Support Systems (AAS 81-237), P. D. Quattrone

Ecological Problems and Extended Life Support on the Martian Surface (AAS 81-238), Bassett Maguire, Jr.

The Medical Aspects of a Flight to Mars (AAS 81-239), Daniel Woodard, Alcestis R. Oberg

Modifications of Conventional Medical-Surgical Techniques for Use in Null Gravity (AAS 81-240), Robert M. Beattie, Jr.

Life Support Workshop Summary (AAS 81-241), Penelope J. Boston

V. SURFACE ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING

Manned Exploration of Mars: The Role of Science (AAS 81-242), James A. Cutts

Chemistry of the Martian Surface: Resources for the Manned Exploration of Mars (AAS 81-243), Benton C. Clark

The Atmosphere of Mars - Resources for the Exploration and Settlement of Mars (AAS 81-244), Thomas R. Meyer, Christopher P. McKay

Surface Sampling Systems (AAS 81-245), Donald S. Crouch

Aerobraking and Aerocapture for Mars Missions (AAS 81-246), J. R. French

VI. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS

The View from Earth or the Care and Feeding of the Space Program (AAS 81-247), Rad Byerly

Legal and Political Implications of Colonizing Mars (AAS 81-248), Nathan C. Goldman

Man to Mars Manifesto (AAS 81-249), James E. Oberg

A Retrospective Look at the Soviet Union's Efforts to Explore Mars (AAS 81-250), Saunders B. Kramer

The Cost of Landing Man on Mars (AAS 81-251), Humboldt C. Mandell, Jr.

Should Human Colonization of Mars Be the Next Major Goal of the Space Program? A Panel Discussion (AAS 81-252), Louis Friedman, Moderator

I. Introduction

A Timeline for Martian Pioneers (AAS 84-150), Thomas O. Paine

A Millennium Project: Mars 2000 (AAS 84-151), Harrison H. Schmitt

II. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

Political Acceptability of Mars Exploration: Post-1981 Observations (AAS 84-152), Leonard David

The Civilian Space Program: A Washington Perspective (AAS 84-153), Randolph H. Ware, Philip P. Chandler

The Mars Base: International Cooperation (AAS 84-154), Nathan C. Goldman

Russians to Mars? (AAS 84-155), James E. Oberg

Antarctica: Lessons for a Mars Exploration Program (AAS 84-156), Christopher P. McKay

III. PRECURSOR MISSIONS

Design of a Mars Film Mapper Probe (MS 84-157), W. Mitchell Clapp

Scientific Objectives for a 1996 Mars Sample Return Mission (AAS 84-158), Douglas P. Blanchard, James L. Gooding, Uel S. Clanton

A Mars Sample Return Mission Using a Rover (AAS 84-159), J. P. de Vries, H. N. Norton

Space Station - The First Step (AAS 84-160), Humboldt C. Mandell, Jr.

Beyond the Space Station (AAS 84-161), Jesco von Puttkamer

Lunar Base: A Stepping Stone to Mars (AAS 84-162), Michael B. Duke, Wendell W. Mendell, Barney B. Roberts

The Ph-D Project in Perspective (AAS 84-163), S. Fred Singer

Phobos and Deimos as Resource and Exploration Centers (AAS 84-164), Brian O'Leary

The Case for Phobos (AAS 84-165), Saul J. Adelman, Benjamin Adelman

IV. SCIENCE

Scientific Program for a Mars Base (AAS 84-166), C. R. Stoker, J. M. Moore, R. L. Grossman, P. J. Boston

Critical Life Science Issues for a Mars Base (AAS 84-167), Penelope J. Boston

Martian Meteorology and Dust Storms (AAS 84-168), James E. Tillman

V. EARTH-MARS DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Mission Strategy and Spacecraft Design for a Mars Base Program (AAS 84-169), Steven Welch

Concepts for the Early Realization of a Manned Mission to Mars (AAS 84-170), Stephen J. Hoffman, John K. Soldner

Analysis of Delivery Capabilities and Costs to Low Mars Orbits Applying Current Technology Launch/Retro Propulsion Systems (AAS 84-171), James R. Stuart, Randall E. Coffey

Rapid Delivery of Small Payloads to Mars (AAS 84-172), T. R. Meyer, C. P. McKay, P. M. McKenna, W. R. Pryor

Transportation Modes for Manned Mars Missions (AAS 84-173), Gordon R. Woodcock, Timothy J. Vinopal

Tethers for Mars Space Operations (AAS 84-174), Paul A. Penzo

VI. MARS SURFACE TECHNOLOGY

Advanced Spacesuit Glove Design (AAS 84-175), W. Mitchell Clapp

Dirigible Airships for Martian Surface Exploration (AAS 84-176), W. Mitchell Clapp

Power Requirements for the Conquest of Mars (AAS 84-177), Joseph A. Angelo, Jr., David Buden

VII. UTILIZING MARTIAN RESOURCES

The Impact of Martian Propellant Manufacturing on Early Manned Exploration (AAS 84-178), James R. French

The H-Atom Resource on Mars (AAS 84-179), Benton C. Clark

The Retrieval, Storage, and Recycling of Water for a Manned Base on Mars (AAS 84-180), Douglas Jones, C. Flint Webb, Michael R. LaPointe, Helen M. Hart, Amy Larson

Water Supply for a Manned Mars Base (AAS 84-181), W. Mitchell Clapp

Utilizing the Permafrost on Mars (AAS 84-182), Loren Phillips

Extraction of Water from the Mars Atmosphere: Passive Constriction of Wind Flow (AAS 84-183), Helen M. Hart

Mass-Balance Model for a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (AAS 84-184), Thomas R. Caudill

A Preliminary Assessment of Martian Natural Resource Potential (AAS 84-185), Bruce M. Cordell

VIII. HUMAN FACTORS

Psychological and Interpersonal Adaptation to Mars Missions (AAS 84-186), Albert A. Harrison, Mary M. Connors

Countermeasures for the Effects of Prolonged Weightlessness (AAS 84-187), Daniel Woodard

Psychological Considerations in Long-Duration Space Missions: An Overview (AAS 84-188), Victoria M. Littlefield

Death in Space (AAS 84-189), Robert M. Beattie, Jr.

Candidate Rover/Returned Sample Landing Sites for Mars (AAS 84-190) (Abstract), Harold Masursky

Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter: The Next Mars Mission (AAS 84-191) (Abstract), R. Todd Clancy

Water on Mars: Geological and Geochemical Evidence (AAS 84-192) (Abstract), Steven W. Squyres

Biomedical Considerations in Long-Duration Space Flights (AAS 84-193) (Abstract), Joseph C. Sharp

An Orbital Quarantine Facility for Analysis of Returned Samples (AAS 84-194) (Abstract), John R. Bagby

Economic Analysis of Mars Exploration (AAS 84-195) (Abstract), Jack Kirwan

Who is Going to Pay for It? (AAS 84-196) (Abstract), Kerry Mark Joels

Comparison of Propulsion Systems for Earth to Mars Transit (AAS 84-197) (Abstract), Lynnette DeBell

The USAF Getaway Special Centrifuge: A Simulator for Space Station and Planetary Surface Gravity Environments (AAS 84-198) (Abstract), Harold S. Rhoads

INTRODUCTION

A Strategy for Mars: The Case for Mars III -- Keynote Address, (AAS 87-175), James C. Fletcher

The Case for Mars III -- Opening Remarks (AAS 87-176), Buzz Aldrin

MAKING THE POLITICAL CASE FOR MARS

Chapter 1: Space Policy

Decisions on Space Initiatives (AAS 87-177), Radford Byerly, Jr.

Making Decisions on Major Space Initiatives (AAS 87-178), Peter B. Perkins, Jr.

Chapter 2: Social Perspectives

Strategic Communications Planning and The Case for Mars (AAS 87-179), Frank White

How Space Enthusiasts View Mars Exploration (AAS 87-180), Robert L. Staehle

The Case Against Mars (AAS 87-181), Gregg Easterbrook

Chapter 3: Mars Exploration - Impetus for Education

A Mandate for Space Education (AAS 87-182), Jesco von Puttkamer

Mars Base Design Projects at the University of Wisconsin (AAS 87-183), Ronald E. Thomson

Chapter 4: Economic Issues

Financing a Mars Program (AAS 87-184), Chandler C. Smith

Chapter 5: International Cooperation

Let's go to Mars - With our Friends and Allies (AAS 87-185), Michael A.G. Michaud

Policy Options for International Mars Exploration (AAS 87-186), Nathan C. Goldman

Technology Transfer Aspects of Going to Mars (AAS 87-187), Brenda Forman

CONSIDERATIONS FOR SENDING HUMANS TO MARS

Chapter 6: Life Support and Biomedical Factors

Life Support System Considerations and Characteristics for a Manned Mars Mission (AAS 87-188), Ferolyn T. Powell

An Overview of Selected Biomedical Aspects of Mars Missions (AAS 87-189), John Billingham

Artificial Gravity for Long Duration Spaceflight (AAS 87-190), Malcolm M. Cohen

Chapter 7: Human Factors

Habitability During Long-Duration Space Missions: Key Issues Associated With a Mission to Mars (AAS 87-191), Jack Stuster

Crew Selection for a Mars Explorer Mission (AAS 87-192), Benton C. Clark

Human Aspects of Mission Safety (AAS 87-193), Mary M. Connors

Antarctica as a Model for the Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 87-194), Lawrence A. Palinkas

Chapter 8: Precursor Missions and Rover Technology

Mars Rover Sample Return Mission Study (AAS 87-195), Roger D. Bourke

An Aeronomy Mission to Investigate the Entry and Orbiter Environment of Mars (AAS 87-196), Larry H. Brace

Planetary Protection and Back Contamination Control for a Mars Rover Sample Return Mission (AAS 87-197), John D. Rummel

Chapter 9: Scientific Goals

Scientific Objectives of Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 87-198), Michael H. Carr

The Role of Climate Studies in the Future Exploration of Mars (AAS 87-199), Richard W. Zurek and Daniel J. McClease

Life Sciences Interests in Mars Missions (AAS 87-200), John D. Rummel and Lynn D. Griffiths

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR GETTING TO MARS

Chapter 10: Mission Strategy

Manned Mars Systems Study (AAS 87-201), Benton C. Clark

Piloted Sprint Missions to Mars (AAS 87-202), John C. Niehoff and Stephen J. Hoffman

A Manned Mars Artificial Gravity Vehicle (AAS 87-203), David N. Schultz, Charles C. Rupp, Gregory A. Hajos and John M. Butler, Jr.

Mars 1999: A Concept for Low Cost Near-Term Human Exploration and Propellant Processing on Phobos and Deimos (AAS 87-204), Brian O'Leary

Earth Orbital Preparations for Mars Expeditions (AAS 87-205), Robert L. Staehle

Chapter 11: Transportation Systems

Technology for Manned Mars Flight (AAS 87-206), Barney B. Roberts

Mars Landing and Launch Requirements and a Possible Approach (AAS 87-207), James R. French

Heavy Lift Vehicles for Transportation to a Low Earth Orbit Space Station for Assembly of a Humans to Mars Mission (AAS 87-208), Frank E. Swalley

Propulsion System Considerations/Approach for Fast Transfer to Mars (AAS 87-209), Paul A. Harris and Frank J. Perry

Chapter 12: Advanced Propulsion

Nuclear Propulsion - A Vital Technology for the Exploration of Mars and the Planets Beyond (AAS 87-210), Stanley K. Borowski

Antiproton-Based Propulsion Concepts and the Potential Impact on a Manned Mars Mission (AAS 87-211), Steven D. Howe and John D. Metzger

LIVING ON MARS

Chapter 13: Mars Resource Utilization

Applications of In-Situ Carbon Monoxide Oxygen Propellant Production on Mars (AAS 87-212), W. Mitchell Clapp and Michael P. Scardera

Duricrete and Composites Construction on Mars (AAS 87-213), Robert C. Boyd, Patrick S. Thompson and Benton C. Clark

The Hydrogen Peroxide Economy on Mars (AAS 87-214), Benton C. Clark and Donald R. Pettit

Mars Soil - A Sterile Regolith or a Medium for Plant Growth? (AAS 87-215), Amos Banin

Chapter 14: Mars Base Surface Infrastructure

Building Mars Habitats Using Local Materials (AAS 87-216), Bruce A. Mackenzie

The Use of Inflatable Habitation on the Moon and Mars (AAS 87-217), Michael Roberts

Fire Protection for a Martian Colony (AAS 87-218), Robert M. Beattie, Jr.

Tool and Equipment Requirements for Human Habitation of Mars (AAS 87-219), Michael G. Thornton

Chapter 15: Mobility on Mars

An Overview of Mars Surface Mobility Justification and Options (AAS 87-220), James R. French

Balloon-Borne Characterization of the Martian Surface and Lower Atmosphere (AAS 87-221), R.J. LeVesque, G.E. WIlliams and F.J. Redd

Mars Global Exploration Vehicle (AAS 87-222), J. Mark McCann, Mark J. Snaufer and Robert J. Svenson

Chapter 16: Space Power Systems and Applications

Power Considerations for an Early Manned Mars Mission Utilizing the Space Station (AAS 87-223), Martin E. Valgora

The SP-100 Space Reactor as a Power Source for Mars Exploration Missions (AAS 87-224), Lon Isenberg and Jack A. Heller

Laser Power Transmission Concepts for Martian Applications (AAS 87-225), R.J. DeYoung, E.J. Conway, W.E. Meador and D.H. Humes

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Chapter 1: Social Perspectives

The Social Implications of Manned Missions to Mars: A Beginning Framework for Analysis (AAS 87-226), Jefferson S. Hofgard

NASA'S Goals and Long Range Plan (AAS 87-227), Philip E. Culbertson

Chapter 2: Mars - Strategies for Education

Mars is Ours: Strategies for a Manned Mission to Mars (AAS 87-228), T. O'Neil, D. Thurs, M. Narlock, S. Laatsch

Manned Mars Mission Student Designs at the University of Texas at Austin (AAS 87-229), C.Bilby, G. Botbyl, W. Fowler

Chapter 3: Economic Issues

The Development of Space: The Economic Case for Mars (AAS 87-230), D.R. Rotegard

The Economics of a Manned Mars Mission (AAS 87-231), R. S. Leonard, J.D. Blacic, D. T. Vaniman

Chapter 4: Issues for Sending Humans to Mars

The Case for Cellulose Production on Mars (AAS 87-232), Tyler Volk, John D. Rummel

Space Station Accommodation of Life Sciences in Support of a Manned Mars Mission (AAS 87-233), Barry D. Meredith, Kelli F. Willshire, Jane A. Hagaman, Rhea M. Seddon

A Diagnostic and Environmental Monitoring System (DEMS) Concept to Support Manned Mars in-Flight and Surface Operations (AAS 87-234), Corinne M. Buoni, Mark S. Kotur, Dr. Larry S. Miller, Benjamin Bartilson

A Zero-G CELSS/Recreation Facility for an Earth/Mars Crew Shuttle (AAS 87-235), Alice Eichold

Chapter 5: Biomedical Factors

Exercise Strategies and Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Space (AAS 87-236), George D. Swanson

Work on Human Adaptation to Long-Term Space Flight in the UK (AAS 87-237), P. A. Hansson

Astronaut Interdisciplinary and Medical/Dental Training for Manned Mars Missions (AAS 87-238), Harold E. Filbert, Donald J. Kleier

Automation of Fitness Management for Extended Space Missions (AAS 87-239), Ted D. Wade, Philip G. Smaldone, Richard G. May

Chapter 6: Human Factors

Individual Differences, Mission Parameters, and Spaceflight Environment Habitability (AAS 87-240), A. A. Harrison, N. J. Struthers, B. J. Putz

Anthropologists as Culture Designers for Offworld Colonies (AAS 87-241), James J. Funaro

Considerations for the Living Areas within Space Settlements (AAS 87-242), Joel Hagen

Chapter 7: Precursor Missions

Mars Rover/Sample Return Mission Definition (AAS 87-243), Alan L. Friedlander

Mars Rover Options (AAS 87-244), Donna Shirley Pivirotto, D. Bickler

Energy Storage Considerations for a Robotic Mars Surface Sampler (AAS 87-245), P. M. O'Donnell, R. L. Cataldo, O. D. Gonzalez-Sanabria

Chapter 8: Scientific Goals of Mars Exploration

The Equatorial Mars Observer: A Proposal for a Near-Areo-Stationary Mars Orbiter (AAS 87-246), Edwin L. Strickland III

Trace Gases in the Atmosphere of Mars: An Indicator of Microbial Life (AAS 87-247), Joel S. Levine, Curtis P. Rinsland, William L. Chameides, Penelope J. Boston, Wesley R. Cofer III, Peter Brimblecombe

TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR GETTING TO MARS

Chapter 9: Mission Strategy

Mars Mission Effects on Space Station Evolution (AAS 87-248), Barbara S. Askins, Stephen G. Cook

Mars Mission and Program Analysis (AAS 87-249), Edward E. Montgomery, James C. Pearson, Jr.

Mars Mission Profile Options and Opportunities (AAS 87-250), Archie C. Young

Modeling and Simulation of Advanced Space Systems (AAS 87-251), Curt Bilby, Stewart Nozette

Computer Support for Mars Missions (AAS 87-252), Ned Chapin

Chapter 10: Transportation Systems and Space Logistics

The Advanced Launch System (ALS) (AAS 87-253), Charles H. Eldred

Vehicle Condition Monitoring for a Human Mission to Mars: Issues and Needs (AAS 87-254), Alan E. Tischer, Lisa A. McCauley

NEP Freighter - A Point Design (AAS 87-255), Paul G. Phillips

Chapter 11: Advanced Propulsion

High Performance Nuclear Propulsion (AAS 87-256), Ryan K. Haaland, G. Allen Beale, Andrew S. Martin

Laser Propulsion and Possible Missions to Mars (AAS 87-257), Jordin T. Kare

Fast Missions to Mars (AAS 87-258), Michael Pelizzari

Applicability of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration to Electric Propulsion (AAS 87-259), William Peter, Rhon Keinigs

Nuclear-Electric Propulsion: Manned Mars Propulsion Options (AAS 87-260), Bryan Palaszewski, John Brophy, David King

LIVING ON MARS

Chapter 12: Mars Resource Utilization

Manned Mars Missions and Extraterrestrial Resource Engineering Test and Evaluation (AAS 87-261), Stewart W. Johnson, Raymond S. Leonard

A Get Started Approach for Resource Processing (AAS 87-262), Bob Giudici

Design of a Mars Oxygen Processor (AAS 87-263), Robert L. Ash, Joseph A. Werne, Merry Beth Haywood

A Carbon Dioxide Powered Rocket for Use on Mars (AAS 87-264), Donald R. Pettit

Nuclear Rockets Using Indigenous Martian Propellants (AAS 87-265), Robert M. Zubrin

Feasibility of Using Solar Power on Mars: Effects of Dust Storms on Incident Solar Radiation (AAS 87-266), Scott Geels, John B. Miller, Benton C. Clark

SURFACE INFRASTRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 13: Mars Base

Using Robots to Support and Assist Human Explorers on the Surface of Mars (AAS 87-267), Ronald D. Jones

An Evolutionary Communications Scenario for Mars Exploration (AAS 87-268), Steven M. Stevenson

Metric Time for Mars (AAS 87-269), Bruce A. Mackenzie

Chapter 14: Mobility on Mars

The Mars Airplane Revived - Global Mars Surface Surveys (AAS 87-270), B. W. Augenstein

Mars Manned Transportation Vehicle (AAS 87-271), Marla E. Perez-Davis, Karl A. Faymon

The Mars Ball: A Prototype Martian Rover (AAS 87-272), Daniel M. Janes

WORKSHOP SUMMARIES

From the Classroom to Mars: A Giant Leap for Students - Education Workshop (AAS 87-274), Carolyn Collins Petersen, Jesco von Puttkamer

Workshop on International Cooperation (AAS 87-275), Michael A. G. Michaud

Mission Strategy Workshop Summary (AAS 87-276), James R. French

The Phobos/Deimos Mission Workshop: A Summary (AAS 87-277), Bruce M. Cordell

Applications of Military and SDI Technology to Mars (AAS 87-278), S. Pete Worden

Advanced Propulsion Workshop Summary (AAS 87-279), Steven D. Howe

APPENDIX
Publications of the American Astronautical Society
Science and Technology Series (1964- )

Foreword - T.R. Meyer
Mars Overview Meeting Summary
Prologue. The Rationale for Mars and Lessons from Apollo (AAS 90-318), Thomas O. Paine

PART I: MAKING THE INTERNATIONAL CASE FOR MARS

Chapter 1. Space Policy

The National Research Council's Review of NASA's 90-Day Study, "Human Exploration of Space" (AAS 90-289), JoAnn Clayton

Productivity Influences on Planetary Landing Dates (AAS 90-290), Humboldt C. Mandell, Jr.

Why Private Firms Can't Commit to Mars Projects: Impediments to Private Sector Participation in High Risk Ventures (AAS 90-291), Mike H. Ryan

Marketing and Legislation in Outer Space for Martian Resources (AAS 90-293), James J. Hurtak

Chapter 2. International Cooperation/International Science Objectives

An Overview of ESA Scientific Interest in Mars Exploration (AAS 90-150), Philippe Masson

A Manned Mars Exploration Program as a Human Endeavor (AAS 90-170), F. M. Friedlaender

International Human Expeditions to Mars? Suggestions and Mechanisms (AAS 90-172), Otto Steinbronn and Bruce M. Cordell

A Near-Term Incremental Strategy for US/USSR Manned Spaceflight Cooperation (AAS 90-174), James E. Oberg

The French Near Term Activities on Mars Exploration (AAS 90-164), D. J. P. Moura and J. Runavot

Continuation of the Search for the Modern Life on Mars on Future Soviet Missions (AAS 90-155),M. V. Ivanov

Interface Standardization: A Jump Start to International Space Exploration (AAS 90-175), Alan J. Willoughby

Workshop on International Cooperation (AAS 90-259), Gerda Horneck

ESA Activities Related to Future Mars Exploration (AAS 90-162) (Abstract), A. F. Chicarro

Overview of the Space Exploration Initiative (AAS 90-163) (Abstract), Douglas A. O'Handley

Interest in Mars Exploration in India (AAS 90-165) (Abstract), C. T. Vanajakshi

Global Exploration of Mars Through Multinational Teamwork (AAS 90-171) (Abstract), Alan J. Willoughby

Mars Balloon - A Lesson in International Mission and Systems Analysis (AAS 90-173) (Abstract), Louis D. Friedman

An Assessment of the Habitability of Mars (AAS 90-313) (Abstract), Christopher P. McKay

An Overview of Soviet Scientific Interest in Mars Exploration (AAS 90-151) (Abstract),L. M. Mukhin

Science Strategy for Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-152) (Abstract), Carol R. Stoker

International Mars Forum in Japan and a Plan for Japanese Mars Exploration (AAS 90-153) (Abstract), Takafumi Matsui

PART II: MISSION STRATEGY

Chapter 3. Philosophy

An Architectural Approach Towards the Unmanned Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-176), R.R. Cleave and T. Heinsheimer

A Heuristic Approach to Infrastructure Development and the Space Exploration Initiative (AAS 90-177), Matthew Fisk Marshall

"If We're Going to Mars, Why Stop at the Moon?" (AAS 90-179), Ed Repic, Ron Jones, Greg Skruch and John Kehrbaum

Chapter 4. Planning

Programmatic Hierarchies for Space Exploration (AAS 90-190), B. Sherwood

A Requirements Analysis Approach to Placing an Initial Expedition on Mars by 2010 (AAS 90-192), H.R. Sterner

A Participatory Planning Alternative for Mars Mission Design (AAS 90-180), Marc M. Cohen

Space System Architecture Code: A Tool for Planetary Mission Design (AAS 90-194), J. Blandino, D. Jan and B. Palaszewski

The Constructibility of Space Exploration Initiative Designs (AAS 90-252), B. Helleckson and S. Jolly

Martian Exploration and the Triple Constraint (AAS 90-292), M. A. LeCompte

A Goal and Strategy for Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars (AAS 90-178) (Abstract), Donna Shirley Pivirotto

Chapter 5. Architectures, Infrastructure and Engineering

Mars Direct: A Simple, Robust, and Cost Effective Architecture for the Space Exploration Initiative (AAS 90-168), R. M. Zubrin, D. A. Baker and O. Gwynne

Mars 2000 - Why Wait? A Manned Mars Mission Concept Achievable by the Year 2000 (AAS 90-185), R. P. Reinert and M. A. Crouch

A Straight-Arrow Approach for the Near-Term Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-166) (Abstract), Benton C. Clark

Case for Mars II Architecture: Direct to a Mars Base (AAS 90-167) (Abstract), Jim French

The Great Exploration: A Technology Development and Demonstration Program (AAS 90-169) (Abstract),R. A. Hyde, M. Y. Ishikawa, S. D. Nozette, M. Rendine and L. L. Wood

Major Components of a Human Base on Mars (AAS 90-181) (Abstract), O. Gwynne and C. P. McKay

Starcraft Incentive Exploration (AAS 90-182) (Abstract), Buzz Aldrin

Space Transportation Systems for Settlement of Mars (AAS 90-183) (Abstract), G. R. Woodcock

Synthesis of a Space Infrastructure (AAS 90-186) (Abstract), R. M. Jones

Proposed Concept for a Manned Mars Mission (M3) Program (AAS 90-187)(Abstract), D. Seitz, J. Danalek, J. Filbert, W. McCarthy, D. Philipp, M. Schloesslin, J. Schulz and G. Thomason

Mars on a Budget (AAS 90-188) (Abstract),C. E. Smith, Jr.

The Importance of the Martian Satellites in a Martian System (SEI) Development Strategy (AAS 90-189) (Abstract), C. Goodman, D. Steller and R. Jones

A Mission Planning and System Integration Model for a Manned Mission to Mars (AAS 90-191) (Abstract), Curt Bilby

A Plan for the Manned Explorations of Mars (AAS 90-193) (Abstract), M. A. Minovitch

The Development of a Resource Allocation Strategy for an Integrated Space Exploration Plan (AAS 90-195) (Abstract), J. Gleave

The Columbus Project (AAS 90-196) (Abstract), B. Wedel

Candidate Power Systems to Support Advanced Lunar and Mars Exploration (AAS 90-248) (Abstract), V. R. Larson

Power System Commonality Considerations for NASA's Lunar and Mars Initiative (AAS 90-249) (Abstract),L. S. Mason, R. L. Cataldo and D. G. Soltis

Ultrahigh Temperature Nuclear Power MHD Concepts for Space Applications (AAS 90-245) (Abstract), S. Anghaie, E. T. Dugan, I. Maya, and N. J. Diaz

Mars Mission Enhancements Made Possible With a Beam-Power System (AAS 90-246) (Abstract), Judith Ann Bamberger

PART III: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR GETTING TO MARS

Chapter 6. Robotic and Precursor Missions

Information from Robotic Missions and the Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-212), R. D. Bourke and R. N. Mostert

Exploring Mars by Balloon: Results of GCM Simulations (AAS 90-215), J. B. Dalton and J. B. Pollack

Snakerope Studies for the Mars 1994 Mission (AAS 90-216), Craig B. Christensen, Andrew L. Shumway, Brian G. Williams, Frank J. Redd and James N. Cantrell

Mars Global Network Mission Lander Concept (AAS 90-225), Robert N. Mostert

Mission Design for the Mars Global Network Mission (AAS 90-230), Philip C. Knocke

Field Geology Tools for a Manned Mars Mission (AAS 90-256), R. C. Boyd, R. B. Cunningham, C. M. MacLeod, L. W. Mason and M. G. Thornton

Martian Regolith Sample Studies: Lessons from the Acquisition and Analysis of Lunar Cores (AAS 90-226), J.H. Allton and D. S. McKay

Robotic In Situ Science Technology for Mars (AAS 90-228), B. Muirhead and C. Moreno

Unique Soil Sampling System for Mars Penetrator (AAS 90-229), J. R. Bilodeau, C. W. Byrne, S. J. Caravella, K. C. Schad

Foreign Soil: Packaging Rocks from Mars (AAS 90-307), E. D. Robinson II, D. Twede and G. Burgess

MARSNET - A Concept of a Network of Small Mars Surface Stations (AAS 90-213) (Abstract), G. E. Scoon

Science Strategy for Robotic Missions to Mars (AAS 90-214) (Abstract), M. Golombek

Dynamics of a Mars Surface Contacting Balloon/Payload System(AAS 90-217) (Abstract), F.J. Redd and J. N. Cantrell

Volatile-Laden Martian Regolith Sealed in a Container: Using Martian and Terrestrial Sorbents to Manage Pressures (AAS 90-218) (Abstract), J. H. Allton

Mars 1994 International Balloon Mission (AAS 90-219) (Abstract), C. B. Christensen, J. L. Larsen, A.L. Shumway, B.G. Williams and F.J. Redd

Mission Engineering for the Mars Observer Mission (AAS 90-221) (Abstract), S. R. Dodd

Assessment and Selection of Martian Penetrator and Balloon Sites (AAS 90-223) (Abstract), J. W. Rice, Jr., D. A. Williams and N. Bridges

Robotic Missions to Phobos (AAS 90-224) (Abstract), T. Iwata

The Mars Egg: A Combined Reentry Device and Surface Analyzer (AAS 90-231) (Abstract), G. Simon, M. Tobias, K. Wiese, and M. Fisher

An Overview of the Mars Rover Sample Return Mission (AAS 90-184) (Abstract), S. Bailey

Alternative Concepts for Mars Sample Return Missions (AAS 90-227) (Abstract), S. Bailey

Step by Step Approach to Exobiological Research on Mars (AAS 90-154) (Abstract), G. Horneck and C. Lindberg

Identification of Chemical Traces of Life on Mars: A Reappraisal of the Sampling Aspect (AAS 90-156) (Abstract), M. Schidlowski

Martian Paleolakes and Waterways: Exobiological Implications (AAS 90-159) (Abstract), David H. Scott, James W. Rice, Jr. and James M. Dohm

Mars Sample Acquisition for Biology: A Call to Arms for Diggers, Drillers, Pokers, and Haulers (AAS 90-157) (Abstract), Penelope J. Boston

Evaporitic Salt Crusts: A Martian's Oasis or Last Refuge (AAS 90-158) (Abstract), Lynn J. Rothschild and Rocco L. Mancinelli

The Early Subsurface Hydrologic Evolution of Mars (AAS 90-160) (Abstract), M. Clifford

ERA, A Facility to Simulate Martian UV-Climate (AAS 90-161) (Abstract), C. Lindberg and G. Horneck

Using Robots to Support Human Exploration (AAS 90-311) (Abstract), Michael Sims and Nancy Sliwa

Chapter 7. Transportation Systems and Spacecraft

Autonomous Hazard Detection and Avoidance Sensor Concepts for Spacecraft Landing (AAS 90-234), P. Tchoryk, Jr., K. Gleichman, D. Carmer, Y. Moritaand Milton Trichel

Small Spacecraft Design for Mars Precursor Missions (AAS 90-235), W. K. Daniel and J. Kracht

Small Spacecraft to the Planets (AAS 90-238), R.E. Becker

System Design of a Mars Ascent Vehicle (AAS 90-239), S. A. Geels

Low Earth Orbit Nodes for Support of Exploration Missions--History and Current Thinking (AAS 90-240), M.J. Kaszubowski and W.M. Cirillo

A Universal Orbital Docking and Berthing System (AAS 90-321), O. P. Harwood, R.W. Ridenoure

Atlas Centaur Upper Stages as an on Orbit Resource (AAS 90-317), C. Flint Webb

Aerocapture Strategies for Mars Robotic Spacecraft (AAS 90-232) (Abstract), S. Bailey

Entry and Landing Strategies for the Mars Rover Sample Return Mission (AAS 90-233) (Abstract), M. Geyer

A Single-Launch Mars Surface Sample Return Mission Using In Situ Propellant Production (AAS 90-236) (Abstract), D. Jones

Report on Space Transportation Infrastructure Study (AAS 90-241) (Abstract), D. A. Comstock

Design of a Modified Interplanetary Assembly (AAS 90-242) (Abstract), L. G. Lemke and M. A. Smith

Allemande: Using Rotating Tethers With Cycling Spacecraft to Support Mars Operations (AAS 90-243) (Abstract), Bruce A. Mackenzie

Earth-Moon Cycling Transportation Node for Missions to Mars(AAS 90-244) (Abstract), Eric L. Dahlstrom and Jennifer L. Avery

Chapter 8. Advanced Propulsion

Solar Thermal Propelled Spacecraft for Mars Cargo Missions (AAS 90-198), M. W. Beall, R. J. Teeter, T. N. Tran and A. P. Bruckner

A Case for Mars: A Case for Nuclear Thermal Rockets (AAS 90-202), J. E. Neuman, D. H. Van Haaften, and W. W. Madsen

Metallized Propellants for the Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-203), B. Palaszewski

Mars Manned Fusion Spaceship (AAS 90-207), J. Hedrick, B. Buchholtz, P. Ward, Jim Frueh, and E. Jensen

The Liquid Annular Reactor System (LARS) Propulsion (AAS 90-208), G. Maise, O. Lazareth, F. Horn, J. Powell, H. Ludewig and R. Lenard

A Uranium-Mist Based Nuclear Space Propulsion System (AAS 90-197) (Abstract), S. Anghaie

Using Lunar LOX to Conduct Mars Missions (AAS 90-199) (Abstract), Chuck Hepburn, Greg Skruch and John Kehrbaum

Nuclear Rocket Propulsion Technology Status (AAS 90-200) (Abstract), William L. Kirk

Propulsion for Rapid Transit Between Earth and Mars (AAS 90-201) (Abstract), H. D. Froning and Dr. Franklin B. Mead, Jr.

High Energy Density Materials for Space Propulsion (AAS 90-205) (Abstract), M. LeCompte and M. Rosenkrantz and D. Konowslow

Component Shielding Requirements for Mars Mission (AAS 90-206) (Abstract), E. C. Selcow, M. Todosow, H. Ludewig, O. Lazareth and R. J. Cerbone

Particle Bed Reactor Engine Cycle Analysis (AAS 90-209) (Abstract), T. J. L. and R. J. Cerbone

Preliminary Design Considerations of Two Particle Bed Propulsion Reactors Suitable for Missions to Mars (AAS 90-210) (Abstract), O. Lazareth, S. Mughabghab, K. Perkins, E. Schmidt, E. Selcow, H. Ludewig and J. Powell

Method for Carrying Out Particle Bed Reactor Size and Mass Estimates (AAS 90-211) (Abstract), S. Mughabghab, O. Lazareth, E. Schmidt, G. Maise, F. Horn, H. Ludewig and J. Powell

PART I: CONSIDERATIONS FOR SENDING HUMANS

Chapter 1. Communications

Providing Adaptability in Mars Exploration Computer Support (AAS 90-305), N. Chapin

Mars Missions Telecommunications Challenges (AAS 90-302), D. J. Bell and M. A. Bobb

Communications Needs for Mars Exploration: Operational Implications (AAS 90-303), M. A. Jordan, E. O. Basques, and P. E. Gould

Chapter 2. Robotic Versus Human Presence

Orbital Assembly and Constructability Considerations of Candidate Manned Mars Spacecraft (AAS 90-308), G. W. Morgenthaler and M. D'Amara

Optimal Constructor Selection for Mars Exploration Mission Construction Projects (AAS 90-309), R. J. Johnson, G. W. Morgenthaler

DYCAM I: A Computer Aided Tool for the Engineering and On-Orbit Construction of Mars Spacecraft (AAS 90-310),
G. W. Morgenthaler, H. Schroeder

Chapter 3. Radiation

The Radiation Show-Stopper to Mars Missions: A Solution (AAS 90-273), B.C. Clark and Larry W. Mason

INC Model Calculation of P + 56Fe Reaction Charge and Mass Changing Cross Sections Below 2 Gev (AAS 90-220), M. Divadeenam and T. E. Ward

Radioactive Nuclide Production in Stony Meteorites Exposed to 200 MeV Proton Irradiation (AAS 90-222), Stephen Lakatos, Emanuel P. Manche, Martin S. Spergel, Mundrathi Divadeenam and Thomas E. Ward

Human Radiation Dose Received During a Manned Mars Mission(AAS 90-275), O. W. Lazareth, M. Divadeenam, H. Ludewig, M. S. Spergel, S. Mughabghab, E. C. Selcow, T. E. Ward and J. R. Powell

PART II: LIVING ON MARS

Chapter 4. In Situ Resource Utilization

Extracting Water from the Martian Soil Using Microwaves (AAS 90-297), O. Gwynne and C. P. McKay

Regolith as Propellant for Mars Mission (AAS 90-204), Brian Tillotson

Project Minerva: A Low Cost Manned Mars Mission Based on Indigenous Propellant Production (AAS 90-315), A. P. Bruckner, K. Caviezel, T. Daggert, M. Folkers, M. Fornia, S. Hamling, B. Johnson, M. Kalberer, M. Machula, K. Mahn, L. McCullough, C. Schneider and V. Westmark

Novel Propellants Derived from Atmospheric CO2 on Mars (AAS 90-320),G. A. Landis

EXOFUEL: Martian Propellants for the Human Exploration Initiative(AAS 90-294) (Abstract), B. M. Cordell, C. R. Cassell, S. L. Wagner and A. Zuppero

Martian Ice: Science Issues, Resource Exploration, and Preparations for Base Siting (AAS 90-295) (Abstract), J. S. Kargel, R. G. Strom and J. S. Lewis

Atmospheric Water on Mars: Energy Estimates for Extraction(AAS 90-296) (Abstract), Thomas R. Meyer, Lisa Brown and Jon Tarantino

Isentropic Processing for In Situ Propellant Production on Mars (AAS 90-298) (Abstract), D. Jones

The Artesian Well: Piping Martian Volatiles to the Inner Solar System (AAS 90-299) (Abstract), Alastair J. W. Mayer

Chapter 5. Habitability and Life Support

Implanting Life on Mars as a Long Term Goal for Mars Exploration (AAS 90-312), C. P. McKay and R. H. Haynes

Biomass Production Model for a Bioregenerative Life Support System (AAS 90-278), R. J. Bula, R. C. Morrow and M. Mankamyer

The Key to Humans on Mars: Simulation on Earth of Closed Ecological Systems for Long-Duration Habitats (AAS 90-280), J. F. Redor, C. J. Savage, R. A. Binot and M. Novara

The Biosphere 2 Project: Applications for Space Exploration and Mars Settlement (AAS 90-281), T. MacCallum, M. Nelson, J.P. Allen, L. Leigh, A. Alling, N. Alverez-Romo 249

Plant-Rated Greenhouses (AAS 90-257), B. A. Mackenzie and D.C. Dunand

Photovoltaic Power System Operation on Mars (AAS 90-247), G. A. Landis and Joseph Appelbaum

A Remotely Deployable Martian Habitat (AAS 90-258), G.S. Brierley, D. B. Neely and M. T. Newkirk

A New Mass Spectrometer System for Life Support in Long-Term Space Environments (AAS 90-270) (Abstract), A. Micco, B. Dietrich and G. Swanson

Design of Exercise Counter-Measures for Life Support in Long Term Space Environments (AAS 90-271) (Abstract), G. D. Swanson

Space Suits And Life Support Systems for the Exploration of Mars (AAS 90-272) (Abstract), L. Kuznetz

Astronaut Radiation Safety Evaluated for Nuclear Earth-Mars Vehicles (AAS 90-274) (Abstract), S. M. Stevenson and A. J. Willoughby

Workload and Biomechanics for Extravehicular Activity (EVA): Simulated Martian Environment Study (AAS 90-276) (Abstract), D. J. Newman

Implications of Manned Interplanetary Travel (AAS 90-277) (Abstract), T. M. Ciesla

Chapter 6. Mars Base and Infrastructure

Constructing a Mars Base - Mars Habitation 2057 Concept (AAS 90-251), Y. Ishikawa, T. Ohkita and Y. Amemiya

A Conceptual Design for an Interface Between Habitable Volumes and Life Support Facilities (AAS 90-279), B. Helleckson

Omnidirectional Platform for Unstructured Surfaces (AAS 90-254), J. W. Brazell and W. M. Williams, Jr.

Simulation of Martian Materials and Resources Exploitation on a Variable Gravity Research Facility (AAS 90-300), F. Spiero and D. C. Dunand

Biophysical Research Modules and Biosphere Mars Missions (AAS 90-237), P. A. Hansson

Habitability Design Issues for Partial Gravity Environments (AAS 90-250) (Abstract), J. A. Ciciora

The Mars Program from a Japanese Perspective (AAS 90-253) (Abstract), M. Shimizu

Base Construction on Mars (AAS 90-255) (Abstract), J. E. Dailey, W. L. Alexander and B. M. Cordell

Sizing of a Magma Electrolysis LOX Plant to Support Mars Missions (AAS 90-301) (Abstract), E. McCullough and J. M. Kehrbaum

Rotating Processing Plant (Phobos or Deimos) (AAS 90-304) (Abstract), R. D. Waldron

High-Resolution Color Analysis of the Martian Surface (AAS 90-306) (Abstract), E. Hauber, H. Hoffmann, M. Rauch and G. Neukum

PART III: SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

Chapter 7. Mars Habitability and Analogs

Mare Chronium: A Short History of Martian Timekeeping (AAS 90-287), T. Gangale

One Thousand Days Non-Stop at Sea: Lessons for a Mission to Mars (AAS 90-266), W. R. Stowe and A. A. Harrison

Young People and Rationales for Human Mars Missions (AAS 90-314), B. Cordell and J. Miller

A Space-Age Game (AAS 90-319), R. Norman

An Antarctic Research Outpost as a Model for Planetary Exploration (AAS 90-260) (Abstract), D. T. Andersen, R. A. Wharton, C. P. McKay and J. D. Rummel

Advanced Systems Development for the Space Exploration Initiative (AAS 90-261) (Abstract), D. A. Petri and B. Roberts

The Role of Planetary Antarctic Analogs in Support of the Space Exploration Initiative (AAS 90-262) (Abstract), C. M. Buoni

Enabling Human Exploration of Space Through the Utilization of Analog Environments (AAS 90-263) (Abstract), K. K. Gaiser and F. M. Sulzman

Simulators for Lunar and Martian Exploration (CETEC) (AAS 90-264) (Abstract), R. S. Leonard, P. A. Hart, G. G. Leigh, S. D. Howe and S. W. Johnson

Field-Testing the Future: An Anthropological Approach to Space Analogues (AAS 90-265) (Abstract), J.J. Funaro

Habitability Considerations for Human Expeditions to Mars (AAS 90-267) (Abstract), Y. A. Clearwater

Psychological and Multicultural Factors in the Planning of an International Mission to Mars (AAS 90-268) (Abstract), P.A. Santy, A. W. Holland and A. L. Looper

The Martian Embassy: A Prototype Martian Settlement (AAS 90-269) (Abstract), S. G. Beach

The Wizards of Mars: Politics and the Prospects for the Colonization of Mars (AAS 90-282) (Abstract), R.M. Beattie, Jr.

Mission to Mars: A National Endeavor for Science Education (AAS 90-283) (Abstract), W. L. Buckingham

Mars Program, Mars Mission, Mars Base: Problems in Administration (AAS 90-284) (Abstract), N.C. Goldman

The Lessons of Varsovian's Reconnaissance (AAS 90-285) (Abstract), D. J. Bents

Education Initiatives (AAS 90-286) (Abstract), P. A. Turek

Layman's Knowledge of Evolution of Universe (AAS 90-288) (Abstract), H. Saha

SECTION I - MAKING THE CASE FOR MARS

Chapter 1. Why Should Humans Explore Space? (AAS 95-471), L. G. Lemke

Chapter 2. The Significance of the Martian Frontier (AAS 95-472), R. M. Zubrin

Chapter 3. The Millennium Project (AAS 95-473), H. H. Schmitt

Chapter 4. Mars: The Media... the Masses... and the Message (AAS 95-474), L. David

Chapter 5. Strategic Communications Planning and the Case for Mars (AAS 95-475), F. White

Chapter 6. Managing the Exploration of the Moon and Mars (AAS 95-476), M. D. Griffin

SECTION II - GETTING THERE: INTERPLANETARY TRANSPORTATION ISSUES

Chapter 7. Mars Mission Concepts: The von Braun Era (AAS 95-477), F. I. Ordway III

Chapter 8. Pathways to Mars: An Overview of Flight Profiles and Staging Options for Mars Missions (AAS 95-478), J.C. Niehoff and S. J. Hoffman

Chapter 9. Mars Mission Designs: Comparing the Near Term Options (AAS 95-479), M. A. LeCompte and J. P. Stets

Chapter 10. Artificial Gravity: Design Implications for Mars Vehicles (AAS 95-480), L. G. Lemke

Chapter 11. Nuclear Rockets: High-Performance Propulsion for Mars (AAS 95-481), C. W. Watson

Chapter 12. Nuclear Electric Propulsion for Human Mars Missions (AAS 95-482), E. Stuhlinger

SECTION III - LIVING IN SPACE: THE HUMAN ELEMENT

Chapter 13. Biomedical Issues in the Exploration of Mars (AAS 95-483), R. A. Grymes, C. E. Wade and J. Vernikos

Chapter 14. The Human Side of Mars Flight: A Review of Human Factors Issues (AAS 95-484), M. M. Connors and A. A. Harrison

Chapter 15. From the Great Voyages of Exploration to Missions to Mars (AAS 95-485), B. Finny

Chapter 16. The Interplanetary Radiation Environment and Methods to Shield From It (AAS 95-486), L. W. Townsend and J. W. Wilson

SECTION IV - BEING THERE: LIVING AND WORKING ON MARS

Chapter 17. Moving in on Mars: The Hitchhiker's Guide to Martian Life Support (AAS 95-487), P. J. Boston

Chapter 18. Living in Space: Results from Biosphere 2's Initial Closure, an Early Testbed for Closed Ecological Systems on Mars (AAS 95-488), M. Nelson and W. F. Dempster

Chapter 19. Using the Resources of Mars for Human Settlement (AAS 95-489), T. R. Meyer and C. P. McKay

Chapter 20. Mars Rovers (AAS 95-490), B. C. Clark

Chapter 21. First Mars Outpost Habitation Strategy (AAS 95-491), M. M. Cohen

SECTION V - SCIENCE ON MARS

Chapter 22. Scientific Objectives of Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 95-492), M. H. Carr

Chapter 23. Science Strategy for Human Exploration of Mars (AAS 95-493), C. R. Stoker

SECTION VI - COSTS AND BENEFITS OF MARS EXPLORATION

Chapter 24. The Cost of Sending Humans to Mars (AAS 95-494), H. C. Mandell, Jr.

Chapter 25. Mars Colonization: Technically Feasible, Affordable, and a Universal Human Drive (AAS 95-495), T. O. Paine

Chapter 26. Beyond Mars... Into the Universe at Large (AAS 95-496), L. David

INTRODUCTION

Welcome sad Introduction, Burton I. Edelson

Keynote Address, James C. Fletcher

SESSION 1: OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF MARS

The History of Mars, John S. Lewis

The Geology of Mars, Laurence A. Soderblom

The Volcanism of Mars, Michael H. Carr

The Channels of Mars, Victor R. Baker

The Moons of Mars, Joseph Veverka

The Atmosphere of Mars, Michael B. McElroy

The Meteorology of Mars, Conway Leovy

The Water and Other Volatiles of Mars, Fraser P. Fanale

The Biological Question of Mars, Norman H. Horowitz

A Reappraisal of Life on Mars, Gilbert V. Levin

SESSION 2: THE PRESENT AND FUTURE UNMANNED EXPLORATION OF MARS

The 1988-89 Soviet Phobos Mission, James W. Head

Mars Observer: Mission Description, William I. Purdy

Mars Observer: Science, Arden L Albee

Mars Aeronorny, Donald M. Hunten

Mars Sample Return: Mission, James R. French, Jr.

Mars Sample Return: Science, Douglas P. Blanchard

Mars Ball: Inflatable-Sectored-Tire Rover Concept, Douglas A. Hilton

SESSION 3: ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR THE MANNED EXPLORATION OF MARS

Why Humans Should Explore Mars, Michael B. Duke

The Engineering Aspects of Human Exploration Pathways to Mars: New Opportunities, John C. Niehoff

Scenarios for Early Manned Missions, William C. Snoddy

Transportation System for Routine Visits, Barney B. Roberts

Key Technologies for Expeditions to Mars, James R. French, Jr.

The Human Dimension of Mars Exploration Human Factors for Mars Missions, Arnauld E. Nicogossian

Mars Mission Life Support Systems, Penelope J. Boston

Living and Working on Mars, Christopher P. McKay

Overview: Report of the National Commission on Space, Thomas O. Paine

INTRODUCTION

Intent to Explore (Welcome Address and Statement of Symposium Objectives) - by William C. Purdy

Mars - A Target for Advanced Propulsion - by Harold B. Finger

Insuring the National Space Program - by Eugene M. Zuckert

The Ecological Profile of Mars: Bioastronautical Aspect - by Hubertus Strughold

PART 1: PROPULSION AND ORBIT CONCEPTS FOR THE MARS TRIP

Influence of Martian Ephemeris and Constants on Interplanetary Trajectories - by Robert M. L. Baker, Jr.

Role of Large Thrust Nuclear Power in Mars Flight - by Keith Boyer

Electric Propulsion Systems for Mars Missions - by W. E, Moeckel

PART 2: VEHICLE DESIGNS FOR MARS TRIP

NOVA Launch Vehicle Design Studies - by Andrew Kalitinsky

Launch Facility Requirements for Mars/NOVA Vehicle - by Howard Keyser

Data for Vehicle Design for Earth Orbit to Mars Orbit and Return - by Harry O. Ruppe

Vehicle Design for Mars Landing and Return to Mars Orbit - by David M. Hammock and Bruce G. Jackson

PART 3: EARTH RETURN, RE-ENTRY: MARS TRIP GUIDANCE

Research in the Entry Problems of Interplanetary Exploration - by Peter H. Rose

A Systems Approach to Vehicle Design for Earth Re-entry from an Interplanetary Mission - by Franklin P. Dixon and Leonard D. Stimpson

Guidance Phenomena for a Mars Mission - by John V. Breakwell, Lars F. Helgostam, and Martin A. Krop

PART 4: LIFE SCIENCE ASPECTS OF MARS TRIP

Human Requirements for the Mars Mission - by Eugene B. Konecci and A. James Shiner

Fully Regenerative Life Support Systems for Mars Missions - by Robert D Gafford

Psychological Aspects of Extended Manned Space Flight - by Julien M. Christensen

Some Metabolic Aspects of Extended Space Flight - by Donald R. Young

PART 5: COMMUNICATION AND POWER SUPPLY FOR THE MARS TRIP

Instrumentation Aspects of the Mars Mission - by Walter Victor, Robert Titsworth, and Eberhardt Rechtin

Nonconventional Communication Devices for the Mars Mission? - by Keeve M. Siegel and Murray H. Miller

Use of Radar Techniques to Select a Martian Landing Site - by Keeve M. Siegel

Power Supply Aspects of the Mars Mission - by Ralph Balent and J. R. Wetch

PART 6: MARS EXPLORATION AND MISSIONS

The History of the Concepts about Mars - by Willy Ley

Preliminary Design of Mars Basing - by Percy H. Bliss and Bruce W. Hall

Use of Extraterrestrial Resources for Mars Basing - by Ernst Steinhoff

Vehicle Design for Exploration of Mars - by A. M. Lippisch

PART 7: RECENT ASTRONOMICAL DATA ON MARS AND EVIDENCES OF LIFE

Optical Studies of the Surface and Atmosphere of Mars - by G. de Vaucouleurs

A Theoretical Study of the Martian Ionosphere - by R. B. Norton

Evidence of the Existence of Life on Mars - by William M. Sinton

Some Remarks on the Color of Mars - by Clyde Tombaugh

Cartographic Exploration of Mars - by Robert W. Carder

PART 8: SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF THE MARS TRIP

Biological Exploration of Mars - by Carl Sagan

Astrophysical Experiments for Mars Mission - by Gordon J.F. MacDonald

Remarks on the Meteorology of Mars - by Seymour L. Hess

• The Case for Mars IV-Volume 89, Mission Strategy and Architectures, 790p
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• Case for Mars IV-Volume 90, Considerations for Sending Humans, 502p
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These two volumes provide an updated blueprint for manned missions to Mars and a continued presence on the planet's surface, including what technology is required, and what kinds of precursor missions and experiments are required for this undertaking. Papers which do not appear in full are published as abstracts. These proceedings are based on updated papers which were originally presented at the fourth Case for Mars conference, The International Exploration of Mars, held June 4-8, 1990 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.

Volume 89, Mission Strategy and Architectures, is divided into three sections: Part I, making the international case for Mars, includes chapters on space policy and international cooperation/international science objectives; Part II, mission strategy, includes chapters on philosophy, planning, architectures, infrastructure and engineering; Part III, technical considerations for getting to Mars, includes chapters on robotic and precursor missions, transportation systems and spacecraft, and advanced propulsion. Numerical and author index included for both volumes.

Volume 90, Considerations for Sending Humans, is divided into three sections: Part I, considerations for sending humans, includes chapters on communications and robotic versus human presence and radiation; Part II, living on Mars, includes chapters on in situ resource utilization, habitability and life support, and Mars base and infrastructure; Part III, social perspectives, discusses Mars habitability and analogs. Numerical and author index included for both volumes.

 
Strategies for Mars: A Guide to Human Exploration,
Volume 86 Science and Technology Series,
Ed. Carol R. Stoker, Carter Emmart, 1996, 644p.

• Volume 86, Strategies for Mars: A Guide to Human Exploration, 644p.
  Hard cover (ISBN 0-87703-405-2) list price: $70.00, member price: $52.50
  Soft cover (ISBN 0-87703-406-0) list price: $45.00, member price: $33.75
  

This volume consists of 26 chapters prepared by qualified individuals on a topic of their expertise and presents a concise review of an all-around Mars exploration strategy. It covers all important aspects of Mars missions including the rationale, transportation, life support, and scientific objectives as well as the question of costs and benefits thus making this volume an excellent choice for use as a text book.

• Volume 57, Proceedings of The Case for Mars I, Second Printing 1987, 348p.
  Hard cover (ISBN 0-87703-197-5) $45.00, member price: $33.75

• Volume 62, Proceedings of The Case for Mars II, Second Printing 1988, 730p.
  Hard cover (ISBN 0-87703-219-1) $60.00, sale price: $30.00, member price: $22.50
  Soft cover (ISBN 0-87703-220-3) $40.00, sale price: $20.00, member price: $15.00.

THE CASE FOR MARS III,
Volume 74 & 75, Science and Technology Series,
Eds. Carol R. Stoker, 1989.

• Volume 74, Proceedings of The Case for Mars III, General Interest and Overview, 744p
  Hard cover (ISBN0-87703-303-X) $75.00, sale price: $37.50, member price: $28.00 Soft cover (ISBN0-87703-304-8) $55.00, sale price: $27.50, member price: $20.00
  

• Volume 75, Proceedings of The Case for Mars III, Technical Papers, 646p
  Hard cover (ISBN0-87703-305-6) $70.00, sale price: $35.00, member price: $26.00 Soft cover (ISBN0-87703-306-4) $50.00, sale price: $25.00, member price: $19.00
  

These volumes provide a blueprint for manned missions to Mars and a continued presence on the planet's surface, including what technology is required, and what kinds of precursor missions and experiments are needed for this undertaking.

Volume 57 is based on the first Case for Mars conference held April 29 to May 2, 1981, Boulder, Colorado. Topics covered in this volume include mission strategy, spacecraft design, life support, surface activities and materials processing, and social and political aspects.

Volume 62, based on material presented at the second Case for Mars conference held July 10-14, 1984 in Boulder, Colorado contains sections on national and international aspects, precursor missions, science, Earth-Mars delivery systems, Mars surface technology, utilizing Martian resources, and human factors. The Case for Mars II expands upon the efforts begun in Case for Mars I to demonstrate that human missions to Mars are feasible with current technology.

Volumes 74 & 75 are based on material derived from the third Case for Mars conference, Strategies for Exploration, held July 18-22, 1987 in Boulder, Colorado. Volume 74 includes general interest and overview papers on (1) making the political case for Mars, (2) considerations for sending humans to Mars, (3) technical considerations for getting to Mars, and (4) living on Mars. Volume 75 consists of technical papers on (1) political and social issues, (2) issues for sending humans to Mars, (3) technical issues for getting to Mars, (4) living on Mars, and (5) workshop summaries.

 
The NASA Mars Conference,
Volume 71, Science and Technology Series,
Ed. Duke B. Reiber, 1988, 554p plus color section incl. 7 foldouts.

• Volume 71, The NASA Mars Conference, 554p
  Hard cover (ISBN 0-87703-293-9) $50.00, sale price: $25.00, member price: $19.00
  Soft cover (ISBN 0-87703-294-7) $30.00, sale price: $15.00, member price: $11.00.

Extensively updated since the conference. Covers: (1) our current knowledge and understanding of Mars: history, geology, volcanism, channels, moons, atmosphere, meteorology, water and other volatiles, biological and life questions; (2) present and future unmanned exploration: 1988-89 Soviet Phobos mission, Mars Observer (mission and science), Mars aeronomy, seismic network, Mars sample return (mission and science), and Mars rover concept; (3) engineering issues and options for manned exploration: pathways, scenarios, transportation, technologies, and (4) human dimensions: human factors, life support, living and working on Mars. Overview by Thomas O. Paine. Keynote by James C. Fletcher. Numerous illustrations.

Exploration of Mars,
Volume 15, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences,
Ed. George W. Morgenthaler, 1963, 634p.

• Volume 15, Exploration of Mars, 634p.
  Hard cover (ISBN 0-87703-016-2) list price: $45.00, member price: $33.75

A few copies of these proceedings, based on a meeting which was held in 1963, are still available. Many pioneers and notables in Mars exploration concepts made presentations at this meeting. Session topics included (1) propulsion and orbit concepts for the Mars trip, (2) vehicle designs for Mars trips, (3) Earth return, re-entry: Mars trip guidance, (4) life science aspects of Mars trips, (5) communication and power supply for Mars trips, (6) Mars exploration and missions, (7) astronomical data on Mars and evidences of life and (8) scientific value of Mars trips.

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Standing Orders: Standing orders for serial publications are accepted. Each new volume of a series, when it becomes available, will be automatically invoiced and shipped without reordering if you place a standing order. See our order form for more detailed ordering information.

Postage and Handling Charges:Domestic (U.S.) Rates: Add $5.00 for the first book if under 450 pages, $6.00 if over 450 pages, and $1.00 for each additional book (Special Fourth Class Rate). Allow up to three weeks for delivery.

Foreign (non-U.S.) Rates: Add $8.00 for the first book and $3.00 for each additional book (Surface Mail). Allow up to three months for delivery.

Special Processing: Books can be shipped via First Class Mail or Express Mail in the U.S., or via Air Mail for overseas orders, or by special courier, if requested. Charges will vary depending on the order and request.

Sales Tax: California residents should add sales tax as required by their district.

ORDER FROM:

UNIVELT, INC.

P.O. BOX 28130

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92198 U.S.A.

Tel. (760) 746-4005

FAX (760) 746-3139