Keith A. Porter
Associate Research Professor
Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering
Engineering Center Office Tower 531
428 UCB
University of Colorado at Boulder
Boulder, CO 80309-0428
(303) 735-0539 Mobile: (626) 233-9758
 
Directions for visitors: Adobe Acrobat document or Google Earth file

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

Education

  • B.S., 1987, U.C. Davis
  • M.Eng., 1990, U.C. Berkeley (UC Regents Fellow)
  • Ph.D., 2000, Stanford University (Haresh Shah Family Fellow, ARCS Scholar)

Research Interests

Dr Porter specializes in seismic vulnerability and analytical loss estimation. With researchers at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, he developed a second-generation performance-based earthquake engineering methodology that measures probabilistic building performance in terms of dollars, deaths, and downtime. He recently coordinated the estimation of physical damages for the USGS’s M7.8 Southern California earthquake scenario (more detail here). He is currently participating in a FEMA-funded effort (ATC-58) to bring that methodology to professional practice. Other recent research includes near-real-time global loss estimation for the USGS’s Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program; end-to-end loss estimation for the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); development of open-source risk modeling for SCEC and the USGS (see www.risk-agora.org); and a cost-benefit analysis of all FEMA-funded natural-hazards mitigation efforts since 1993, for a Congressionally-mandated study by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Before coming to CU Boulder, he worked on the research faculty at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He is a licensed Professional Engineer with eight years of experience in construction contracting (Continental Heller Corp., 1986-1987), structural design (TY Lin International, 1987-1988), and risk analysis of natural disasters (EQE International, 1990-1997).   

Research Abstracts

A series of research abstracts for some of Dr Porter’s recent projects can be found here, including (among others):

  • Cost effectiveness of seismic risk mitigation
  • Cost effectiveness of woodframe retrofit
  • Vulnerability of soft-story construction
  • ATC-58 fragility and correlation
  • OpenRisk: free open-source risk software
  • ShakeOut earthquake planning scenario

Publications

Theses

1.      Porter, K.A., 2000, Assembly-Based Vulnerability of Buildings and its Uses in Seismic Performance Evaluation and Risk-Management Decision-Making, Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, published by ProQuest Co., Ann Arbor, MI, pub. 99-95274, 196 pp., Porter-and-Kiremidjian-2001-ABV.pdf

2.      Porter, K.A., 1990, Experimental Investigation of Single-Plate Shear Connectors with Short Slotted Holes, Master’s Thesis, University of California, Berkeley

Archival Journal Articles

1.      Porter, K.A., G. Johnson, R. Sheppard, and R.E. Bachman, ND. Fragility of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing equipment. Accepted for publication in Earthquake Spectra.

2.      Porter, K.A., L. Jones, D.A. Cox, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, S. Perry, D. Ponti, M. Reichle, A.Z. Rose, C.R. Scawthorn, H.A. Seligson, K.I. Shoaf, J. Treiman, and A. Wein, ND. The ShakeOut Scenario: a Hypothetical MW7.8 Earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault. Earthquake Spectra.

3.      Porter, K.A., 2009. Cracking an open safe: more HAZUS vulnerability functions in terms of structure-independent intensity. Earthquake Spectra, 25 (3), 607-618, Porter-2009-Safecrack2.pdf

4.      Porter, K.A., 2009. Cracking an open safe: HAZUS vulnerability functions in terms of structure-independent spectral acceleration. Earthquake Spectra, 25 (2), 361-378, Porter-2009-Safecrack.pdf

5.      Wald, D., K.W. Lin, K. Porter, and L. Turner, 2008. ShakeCast: automating and improving the use of ShakeMap for post-earthquake decision-making and response. Earthquake Spectra, 24 (2), 533-553, Wald-et-al-2008-ShakeCast.pdf

6.      Porter, K.A., 2007. Fragility of hydraulic elevators for use in performance-based earthquake engineering. Earthquake Spectra, 23 (2), May 2007, Porter-2007-Hydraulic-elevators.pdf

7.      Porter, K.A., 2007. Creating fragility functions for performance-based earthquake engineering. Earthquake Spectra, 23 (2), May 2007, Porter-et-al-2007-ATC58-fragility.pdf

8.      Rose, A., K. Porter, N. Dash, J. Bouabid, C. Huyck, J.C. Whitehead, D. Shaw, R.T. Eguchi, C. Taylor, T.R. McLane, L.T. Tobin, P.T. Ganderton, D. Godschalk, A.S. Kiremidjian, K. Tierney, and C. Taylor West. 2007. Benefit-cost analysis of FEMA hazard mitigation grants. Natural Hazards Review, 8(4), 1-15; 2007, Rose-et-al-2007-NHR-BCA.pdf

9.      Goulet, C., C. Haselton, J. Mitrani-Reiser, J. Beck, G. Deierlein, K. Porter, and J. Stewart. Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - from seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 36 (13), 1973-1997, Goulet-et-al-2007-PEER-Benchmark.pdf

10.  Porter, K.A., J. Mitrani-Reiser, J.L. Beck, and J.Y. Ching, 2006. Near-real-time loss estimation for instrumented buildings. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 15 (1): 3-20. Porter-2006-RTLE.pdf

11.  Ching, J.Y., K.A. Porter, and J.L. Beck, ND. Propagating uncertainties for loss estimation in performance-based earthquake engineering using moment matching. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. Accepted 13 Aug 2006. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15732479.asp

12.  Porter, K.A., K. Shoaf, and H. Seligson, 2006. Value of injuries in the Northridge Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 22 (2), May 2006, Porter-2006-VOI.pdf

13.  Porter, K.A., C.R. Scawthorn, and J.L. Beck, 2006. Cost-effectiveness of stronger woodframe buildings. Earthquake Spectra 22 (1), February 2006, 239-266, DOI:10.1193/1.2162567, http://scitation.aip.org/journals/doc/EASPEF-ft/vol_22/iss_1/239_1.html [09 Mar 2006], Porter-2006-CWF.pdf 

14.  Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2006. Bayesian state estimation method for nonlinear systems and its application to recorded seismic response. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, April 2006. Ching-2006-Bayesian-state-estimation.pdf

15.  Ching, J., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2006. Bayesian state and parameter estimation of uncertain dynamical systems. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 21 (2006) 81-96

16.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, S.K. Au, K. Mizukoshi, M. Miyamura, H. Ishida, T. Moroi, Y. Tsukada, and M. Masuda, 2004. Effect of seismic risk on lifetime property value. Earthquake Spectra, 20 (4), 1211-1237, Porter-2004-LPV.pdf

17.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Simplified performance-based earthquake engineering estimation of economic risk for buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 20 (4), 1239-1263, Porter-2004-PFL.pdf

18.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Sensitivity of building loss estimates to major uncertain variables. Earthquake Spectra, 18 (4), 719-743, Porter-2002-Sensitivity.pdf

19.  Porter, K.A., A.S. Kiremidjian, and J.S. LeGrue, 2001. Assembly-based vulnerability of buildings and its use in performance evaluation. Earthquake Spectra, 17 (2), 291-312, Porter-2001-ABV-Spectra.pdf

Conferences, Workshops, Seminars, and Trade Journals

20.  Porter, K.A., 2008. Fatality models for PAGER. SSA 2008 Annual Meeting, Santa Fe, NM, 17 Apr 2008

21.  Porter, K.A., 2008. Tools of the Trade: AGORA, OpenRisk, ROVER, and other Open Source Efforts. National Earthquake Conference, Apr 22-26, 2008, Westin Hotel, Seattle WA

22.  Porter, K.A., 2008. Mitigation Saves: FEMA Spent $3.5B and Saved $14B. National Earthquake Conference, Apr 22-26, 2008, Westin Hotel, Seattle WA

23.  Porter K.A. and C Scawthorn, 2007. OpenRisk: open-source risk software and access for the insurance industry. 1st International Conference on Asian Catastrophe Insurance (ICACI), Kyoto University, Dec 3-4, 2007. Porter-2007-ICACI-OpenRisk.pdf

24.  Porter, K.A., D. Wald, T. Allen, and K. Jaiswal, 2007. An empirical relationship between fatalities and instrumental MMI. 1st International Workshop on Disaster Casualties, Kyoto University, Nov 28-29, 2007. Porter-2007-Empirical-PAGER.pdf

25.  Porter, K.A., 2007. OpenRisk: open-source risk estimation software. Natural Hazards Center 2007 Annual Hazards Workshop, July 8-11, 2007. http://www.risk-agora.org/pubs/Porter-2007-Boulder-OpenRisk.pdf

26.  Mosqueda, G., K.A. Porter, J. O’Connor, and P. McAnany, 2007. Damage to engineered buildings and bridges in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Proc. SEI Structures Congress, May 16-19, 2007, Long Beach CA. http://www.succeednow.org/asce07/Program/Abstracts/1135_MCEER-Katrina_Abstract_ASCE2007_(1).pdf [11 Jul 2007], http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Mosqueda-2007-SEI-Katrina.pdf [11 Jul 2007]

27.  Porter, K.A., R. Hamburger, and R. Kennedy, 2007. Practical Development and Application of Fragility Functions. Proc. SEI Structures Congress, May 16-19, 2007, Long Beach CA. http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2007-SEI-fragility.pdf

28.  Porter, K.A., J. Mitrani-Reiser, J.L. Beck , and J. Ching, 2006. Smarter structures: real-time loss estimation for instrumented buildings. Proc. 8th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, paper 1236, 18-22 April 2006, San Francisco, CA. Porter-2006-8NCEE-RTLE.pdf

29.  J. Mitrani-Reiser, C. Haselton, C. Goulet, K. Porter, J. Beck, and G. Deierlein, 2006. Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - Part II: loss estimation. Proc. 8th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 18-22 April 2006, San Francisco, CA. Mitrani-2006-PEER-Benchmark-2.pdf

30.  Mosqueda, G. and K.A. Porter, 2006. Preliminary conclusions: assessing damage to engineered buildings in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Structural Engineer, February 2006, 20-26

31.  Porter, K.A., C.R. Scawthorn, and J.L. Beck, 2005. Cost-effectiveness of stronger woodframe buildings. Proc. International Symposium on Earthquake Engineering Commemorating the Tenth Anniversary of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake (ISEE 2005), Kobe, Japan, January 13-16, 2005.  Porter-2005-ISEE-CWF.pdf

32.  F. Jalayer, J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and J.F. Hall, 2005. Application of the subset simulation method in predicting the seismic response of an existing RC frame structure. Proc 9th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Rome, Italy, June 2005.

33.  J.Y. Ching, J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2005. Bayesian state and parameter estimation using particle filters. Proc 9th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Rome, Italy, June 2005.

34.  Porter, K.A. and J.L. Beck, 2004. Simplified PBEE to estimate economic seismic risk for buildings. Performance-Based Seismic Design [PBSD] -- Concepts and Implementation, Bled, Slovenia, June 28-July 1, 2004, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, Richmond, CA, Porter-2004-Simplified-PBEE.pdf

35.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Simplified estimation of economic seismic risk for buildings. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1755. Porter-2004-13WCEE-Simplified-Estimation.pdf

36.  Shaikhutdinov, R.V., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Comparative study of different methods of structural damage assessment. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1678. Shaikhutdinov-2004-Damage-Analysis.pdf

37.  Jalayer, F., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and J.F. Hall, 2004. Effects of ground motion uncertainty on predicting the response of an existing RC frame structure. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 2007, Jalayer-2004-GM-uncertainty.pdf

38.  Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Application of Bayesian state estimation in real-time loss estimation of instrumented buildings. Proc 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1092. Ching-2004-13WCEE-Bayesian-state-estimation.pdf

39.  Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Real-time Bayesian state estimation of dynamical systems using stochastic simulation. Proc. 9th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability. Albuquerque NM. July 2004.

40.  Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Real-time Bayesian damage detection for uncertain dynamical systems. Proc. 17th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference (EM2004), June 13-16, 2004, University of Delaware, Newark, DE

41.  Porter, K.A., 2003. An overview of PEER’s performance-based earthquake engineering methodology. Proc. Ninth International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering (ICASP9) July 6-9, 2003, San Francisco, CA. Civil Engineering Risk and Reliability Association (CERRA), Porter-2003-PEER-Overview.pdf

42.  J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2003. Simplified estimation of life-cycle costs. Proc. 3rd International IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Infrastructure Systems. Lausanne, Switzerland, March 2003. Beck-2003-Life-cycle-costs.pdf

43.  Porter, K.A., 2002. Learning from earthquakes: a survey of surveys. Keynote paper, EERI Invitational Workshop: An Action Plan to Develop Earthquake Damage and Loss Data Protocols, September 19th and 20th, 2002, Doubletree Hotel, Pasadena, California, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA, Porter-2002-LFE.pdf, Porter-2002-LFE-appendices.pdf

44.  Beck, J.L., K.A. Porter, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Accounting for seismic risk in financial analysis of property investment. NZSEE 2002 Conference, Napier, New Zealand, March, 2002

45.  Porter, K.A. and A.S. Kiremidjian, 2001. Verifying performance-based design objectives using assembly-based vulnerability. Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR 2001, Newport Beach, California, USA, June 17-22 2001, A.A. Balkema, Lisse, the Netherlands, Porter-2001-PBEE-objectives.pdf

46.  Porter, K.A., A.S. Kiremidjian, J.G. LeGrue, and S.A. King, 2000. A building damage estimation model for business recovery. Proc., 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, January 30 – February 4, 2000, New Zealand Earthquake Commission, Auckland, NZ, paper 2821, Porter-2000-Business-recovery.pdf

47.  Scawthorn, C., K.A. Porter, and G.S. Johnson, 1999. Seismic reliability assessment of critical lifeline equipment. Proc. 5th U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Seattle Washington, August 12-14, 1999, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA

48.  Porter, K.A., and C. Scawthorn, 1998. Appropriate seismic reliability for critical equipment systems – an approach based on regional analysis of financial and life loss. Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Design, Retrofit, and Performance of Nonstructural Components, ATC 29-1, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City CA, 393-421

49.  Porter, K.A., A.R. Scott, M. Johnson, C. Scawthorn, and H. Ryland, 1993. Training local officials in rapid visual screening of seismically hazardous buildings. Proceedings of the 1993 National Earthquake Conference: Earthquake Hazard Reduction in the Central and Eastern United States: A Time for Examination and Action; Memphis, Tennessee, May 2-5, 1993. Central United States Earthquake Consortium, Memphis TN, 1993, Volume I, 675-684.

50.  Porter, K.A., C. Scawthorn, D.G. Honegger, T.D. O’Rourke, and F. Blackburn, 1992. Performance of water supply pipelines in liquefied soil. Proc. 4th US-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Disaster Prevention for Lifeline Systems, Los Angeles, August 19-21, 1991, Eguchi, R.T., ed., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 3-17.

51.  Friedman, L., K.A. Porter, and C. Scawthorn, 1992. Use of logic tree analysis for earthquake emergency planning in critical facilities. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area; California State University, Hayward, March 25-29, 1992. Borchardt, G. et al., eds. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA, 469-473

52.  Scawthorn, C., K.A. Porter, M.M. Khater, D. Seidel, D. Ballantyne, H.T. Taylor, R.D. Darragh, and C. Ng, 1992. Utility performance aspects, liquefaction study, Marina and Sullivan Marsh areas, San Francisco, California. Proceedings from the Fourth Japan-US Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for Soil Liquefaction; Tokai University Pacific Center, Honolulu, May 27-29, 1992, Report NCEER 92-0019. Hamada, M. and O'Rourke, T.D., eds., National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, volume I, 317-333.

53.  Scawthorn, C.R., K.A. Porter, D.P. O’Sullivan, and S.K. Harris, 1992. Consequence analyses for the Cities of Fremont, Hayward, and San Leandro. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area; California State University, Hayward, March 25-29, 1992. Borchardt, G. et al., eds., California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA, 513-517.

Reports, Book Chapters, and Other Publications

1.      Perry, S., D. Cox, L. Jones, R. Bernknopf, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, D. Ponti, K. Porter, M. Reichle, H. Seligson, K. Shoaf, J. Treiman, and A. Wein, 2008. The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario—a Story that Southern Californians are Writing. US Geological Survey Circular 1324 and California Geological Survey Special Report 207. US Geological Survey, Reston VA. http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1324/ [30 May 2008]

2.      Jones, L.M., R. Bernknopf, D. Cox, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, S. Perry, D. Ponti, K. Porter, M. Reichle, H. Seligson, K. Shoaf, J. Treiman, and A. Wein, 2008. The ShakeOut Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1150  and California Geological Survey Preliminary        Report 25, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/ [22 May 2008]

3.      Porter, K., R. Graves, E. Reis, and P. Somerville, 2007. Index Woodframe Houses and their Response to Puente Hills Scenario Earthquakes. USC-SCEC/CEA Technical Report #9 for Milestone 3d, Southern California Earthquake Consortium, Los Angeles CA.

4.      Mosqueda, G. and K. Porter, 2007. Engineering and Organizational Issues Before, During, and After Hurricane Katrina, Damage to Engineered Buildings and Lifelines from Wind, Storm Surge and Debris in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina. MCEER-07-SP03, MCEER, Buffalo, NY, 54 pp.

5.      Rose, A., K. Porter, N. Dash, J. Bouabid, C. Huyck, J.C. Whitehead, D. Shaw, R.T. Eguchi, C. Taylor, T.R. McLane, L.T. Tobin, P.T. Ganderton, D. Godschalk, A.S. Kiremidjian, K. Tierney and C. Taylor West, 2006. Benefit-Cost Analysis of FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grants. No 06-02, Working Papers from Department of Economics, Appalachian State University. http://econ.appstate.edu/RePEc/pdf/wp0602.pdf.

6.      Porter, K.A., and C Scawthorn, 2007. Open-Source Risk Estimation Software. Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), Los Angeles, CA, http://www.risk-agora.org/archive.htm

7.      Porter, K.A., S Krishnan, and X. Xu, 2006. Analysis of Simultaneous Operational Failure of Critical Facilities Due to Earthquake, for a California Utility. Report EERL 2006-01, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL-2006-01

8.      (NIST) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. Performance of Physical Structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita: A Reconnaissance Report. NIST TN-1476. Gaithersburg, MD.

9.      Ganderton, P.T., L. Bourque, N. Dash, R. Eguchi, D. Godschalk, C. Heider, E. Mittler, K. Porter, A. Rose, L.T. Tobin, and C. Taylor, 2006. Mitigation generates savings of four to one and enhances community resilience: MMC releases study on savings from mitigation, Natural Hazards Observer, 30 (4) March 2006 http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/mar06/mar06a.html [09 Mar 2006]

10.  (NIBS) National Institute of Building Sciences, 2005. Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: An Independent Study to Assess the Future Savings from Mitigation Activities, Washington, DC., http://www.nibs.org/MMC/MitigationSavingsReport/natural_hazard_mitigation_saves.htm

11.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, J.Y. Ching, J. Mitrani-Reiser, M. Miyamura, A. Kusaka, T. Kudo, K. Ikkatai, and Y. Hyodo, 2004. Real-Time Loss Estimation for Instrumented Buildings, Report EERL 2004-08, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL2004-08

12.  Porter, K.A., 2004. A Survey of Bridge Practitioners to Relate Damage to Closure, Report EERL 2004-07, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL-2004-07

13.  Ching, J., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Real-time Bayesian State Estimation of Uncertain Dynamical Systems, Report EERL 2004-01, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:2004-01

14.  Porter, K.A., 2003. Evaluating Premium Incentives for the California Earthquake Authority, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

15.  (EERI) Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 2003. Securing Society Against Catastrophic Earthquake Losses, A Research and Outreach Plan in Earthquake Engineering, Oakland, CA, 76 pp., http://www.eeri.org/research/Researchplan01-03.pdf

16.  Ching, J.Y., K.A. Porter, and J.L. Beck, 2003. Uncertainty Propagation and Feature Selection for Loss Estimation in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, EERL Report No. 2003-03, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

17.  Porter, K.A., 2002. Life-safety risk criteria in seismic decisions. Acceptable Risk Processes: Lifelines and Natural Hazards, Monograph No. 21, C.E. Taylor and E. VanMarcke, eds., American Society of Civil Engineers, Technical Council for Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Reston, VA, Porter-2002-Life-Safety-Risk-Criteria.pdf

18.  Porter, K.A., 2002. Seismic vulnerability. Chapter 21, Handbook of Earthquake Engineering, W.F. Chen and C.R. Scawthorn, eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Porter-2002-CCH.pdf

19.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Investigation of Sensitivity of Building Loss Estimates to Major Uncertain Variables for the Van Nuys Testbed, PEER Report 2002/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Richmond, CA, Porter-2002-PEER-Sensitivity.pdf

20.  Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, H.A. Seligson, C.R. Scawthorn, L.T. Tobin, and T. Boyd, 2002. Improving Loss Estimation for Woodframe Buildings, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, CA, 136 pp., http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-01 (main report) and http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-02 (appendices)

21.  Beck, J.L., K.A. Porter, R. Shaikhutdinov, S. K. Au, T. Moroi, Y. Tsukada, and M. Masuda, 2002. Impact of Seismic Risk on Lifetime Property Values, Final Report, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-04

22.  Porter, K.A., C. Scawthorn, C. Taylor, and N. Blais, 1998. Appropriate Seismic Reliability for Critical Equipment Systems: Recommendations Based on Regional Analysis of Financial and Life Loss. Technical Report MCEER-98-0016, MCEER, Buffalo, NY, 104 pp. Porter-1998-ACR-MCEER.pdf

23.  Porter, K.A., T. Larsen, M. Zadeh, C. Van Anne, and C. Scawthorn, 1996. Impact of Hurricane Andrew on Performance, Interaction, and Recovery of Lifelines, grant BCS-9224819, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 257 pp.

24.  Porter, K.A., G.S. Johnson, M.M. Zadeh, C.R. Scawthorn, and S.J. Eder, 1993. Seismic Vulnerability of Equipment in Critical Facilities: Life-Safety and Operational Consequences, NCEER-93-0022, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, 364 pp.

25.  Scawthorn, C.R., K.A. Porter, and F.T. Blackburn, 1992. Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989, strong ground motion and ground failure, marina district: performance of emergency-response services after the earthquake. Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F. O'Rourke, Thomas D, ed., US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, F195-F215.