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Keith A. Porter
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Education
Research InterestsDr Porter specializes in seismic vulnerability and 2nd-generation performance-based earthquake engineering. He is the Principal Investigator on a $1M project for the Global Earthquake Model (www.globalquakemodel.org) to develop standard procedures for modeling the seismic vulnerability of buildings anywhere in the world. With researchers at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, he developed a second-generation performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE-2) methodology that measures probabilistic building performance in terms of dollars, deaths, and downtime. He participated in a FEMA-funded effort (ATC-58) to bring that methodology to professional practice. He coordinated the estimation of physical damages for the USGS’s M7.8 Southern California earthquake scenario (more detail here), its California winter storm (“ARkStorm”) scenario (detail here), and tsunami scenario (in progress). Other current and recent research includes demand surge, seismic reliability of critical facilities, estimation of downtime in critical facilities; and a benefit-cost analysis for the US Congress and the Multihazards Mitigation Council that found FEMA-funded disaster mitigation to save $4.00 for every $1.00 spent. Dr Porter previously worked on the research faculty at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He is a licensed Professional Engineer with experience in construction contracting (Continental Heller Corp., 1986-1987), structural design (TY Lin International, 1987-1988), and risk analysis of natural disasters (EQE International, 1990-1997). He is Principal of the international risk consulting company SPA Risk LLC (2004- ). Research AbstractsA series of
research abstracts for some of Dr Porter’s recent projects can be found here,
including (among others):
Students and Postdoctoral ColleaguesRebecca Dirksen, CU 2013– . Ms Dirksen is writing a master’s thesis on the question of how to model the correlation of damage to building components in 2nd-generation performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE-2). Since at least the early 1980s, engineers have struggled with how to treat the potential for correlated damage to building components operating in serial or parallel, especially if they are collocated and of identical design and installation conditions. Ms Dirksen is examining the use of a model of dependent Bernoulli trials to estimate the probability distribution of the number of specimens with identical fragility functions to fail when subjected to the same seismic excitation. Daryn Hobbs, CU BS/MS 2013. Joint seismic hazard. Mr Hobbs prepared a master’s report on multihazard joint seismic hazard curves, which are actually 3-D surfaces that quantify the annual probability or frequency with which two locations will experience shaking in excess of any given pair of ground-motion intensity levels in the same earthquake. A joint seismic hazard curve is useful for estimating the probabilistic seismic risk associated with systems that rely on two facilities that operate in parallel or serial. For example, computer data centers commonly operate in tandem, sometimes with a primary and backup site, and often located in the same city or county. Proximity makes it easier to operate the backup site because the same people can operate the backup if the primary is damaged, at the cost of increased risk of simultaneous operational failure. His report is available here. In Ho Cho, CU 2012– . Rapid estimation of seismic vulnerability for building classes using multiscale modeling. Dr Cho is CU’s 2nd Willis Research Fellow. He is developing a method to rapidly estimate the seismic vulnerability of classes of buildings. The method employs multiscale structural modeling to create physics-based structural models that rely on a few basic, observable, micro-level material properties rather than many ontologically derived parameters, i.e., parameters fit to curves of pervious laboratory tests. It also uses CU’s 184-teraflop Dell supercomputer system called Janus, currently ranked 164 among the world’s top-500 supercomputer sites. Karim Farokhnia, CU 2010– . Rapid estimation of seismic vulnerability of nonstructural components for building classes. Mr Farokhnia is a doctoral student studying an analytical method to estimate the seismic vulnerability of nonstructural building components anywhere in the world. A central challenge is to efficiently aggregate fragility and repair costs for very detailed components up to the system level, for broad categories of construction. Elizabeth Perkins, CU 2010–2011. Quantifying effect on seismic vulnerability from important seismic features. Ms Perkins (BS Calvin College 2010 MS University of Colorado 2011) received her masters degree after completing a thesis on analytical methods to quantify the average effect of readily observable building features on the probabilistic seismic performance of categories of buildings. By “readily observable building features” is meant features of individual buildings that can be observed from the street or from space, such as vertical and plan irregularities or story height. By “categories of buildings” is meant building types characterized by material, lateral-force-resisting system, code era, etc. Ms Perkins proposed procedures to estimate such effects analytically, using PBEE-2 procedures and a sampling system that specifies a limited number of index buildings that collectively span the dimensions of the building category deemed most relevant to seismic performance, such as height, degree of plan and vertical irregularity, and frame redundancy. In principle, the procedure could be used to inform the assignment of performance modification factors in FEMA 154 and catastrophe risk models. Her thesis is available here. Kyle Ramer, CU 2010–2011. A PBEE-2 downtime model using fault trees. Mr Ramer (MS University of Colorado 2011) received his masters degree testing an analytical method to estimate the probability distribution of the time required to restore a moderately damaged, important industrial facility to operation after an earthquake. He implemented the methodology for its first realistic case study of an actual computer data center, and compared its results to those produced using category-based ATC-13 and HAZUS-MH, as well as checking its predictions against the actual history of the data center and against the judgment of an operator of the facility. Agreement in all cases was reasonable, suggesting that the method produces credible results. His thesis is available here. Anna Olsen, CU 2008–2011. Demand
surge. Dr Olsen (PhD Caltech 2008) was the University of Colorado’s
first Willis Research Fellow (www.willisresearchnetwork.com).
She studied demand surge, a phenomenon observed after major sudden-onset
natural disasters in which construction costs for repairs rise locally and
for some unknown period of time. Dr Olsen appears to be the first person to
develop a predictive model of demand surge based on historic repair costs in
a number of cities along the US Gulf and Holly Bonstrom, CU 2009–2011. Risk perception and mitigation decision-making. Ms Bonstrom (MS CU 2011) has studied risk perception and factors influencing various categories of decision-makers to act to mitigate risk (their own, or society’s) for low-frequency, high-consequence natural disasters. She has created a set of guidelines for communicating risk for the purpose of informing or motivating costly risk-mitigation decisions. Her thesis is available here. PublicationsTheses1. Porter, K.A., 2000, Assembly-Based Vulnerability of Buildings and its Uses in Seismic Performance Evaluation and Risk-Management Decision-Making, Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2001-ABV-thesis.pdf 2. Porter,
K.A., 1990, Experimental Investigation
of Single-Plate Shear Connectors
with Short Slotted Holes, Master’s Thesis, Archival Journal Articles
3.
Porter, K.A., K. Hudnut, S. Perry, M. Reichle,
C. Scawthorn, and A. Wein, 2011. Foreword. Earthquake Spectra 27 (2)
235-237, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2011-ShakeOut-Foreword.pdf
4.
Porter,
K.A., L. Jones, D.A. Cox, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, S. Perry, D. Ponti,
M. Reichle, A.Z. Rose, C.R. Scawthorn, H.A. Seligson, K.I. Shoaf, J. Treiman,
and A. Wein, 2011. The ShakeOut Scenario: a Hypothetical MW7.8
Earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault. Earthquake Spectra 27
(2), 239-261, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2011-ShakeOut-Overview.pdf
5.
Porter,
K.A., and R. Sherrill, 2011. Utility performance panels in the ShakeOut
scenario. Earthquake Spectra 27 (2), 443-458, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2011-Shakeout-Panels.pdf 6.
Olsen,
A., and K.A. Porter, 2011. What we know about demand surge: a brief summary. Natural
Hazards Review 12 (2), 62-71, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Olsen-2011-NHR-WWKADS.pdf 7.
Jaiswal,
K., D. Wald, and K. Porter, 2010. A global building inventory for earthquake
loss estimation and risk management. Earthquake Spectra 26
(3) 731-748, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Jaiswal-2010-PAGER-inventory.pdf 8.
Porter,
K.A., 2010. Cracking an open safe: uncertainty in HAZUS-based seismic
vulnerability functions. Earthquake
Spectra, 26 (3) 893-900, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-Safecrack-COV.pdf.
9.
Porter, K.A., G. Johnson, R. Sheppard, and
R.E. Bachman, 2010. Fragility of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
equipment. Earthquake Spectra, 26
(2) 451-472, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-MEP-fragility-1.pdf
10.
Porter,
K.A., 2009. Cracking an open safe: more HAZUS vulnerability functions in
terms of structure-independent intensity. Earthquake Spectra, August
2009, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2009-Safecrack-MDF.pdf
11.
Porter,
K.A., 2009. Cracking an open safe: HAZUS vulnerability functions in terms of
structure-independent spectral acceleration. Earthquake Spectra, May
2009, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2009-Safecrack-Casualty.pdf
12.
Wald,
D., K.W. Lin, K. Porter, and L. Turner, 2008. ShakeCast: automating and
improving the use of ShakeMap for post-earthquake decision-making and
response. Earthquake Spectra, 24 (2), 533-553, http://www.sparisk.com/publications.htm
13. Ching, J.Y., K.A. Porter, and J.L. Beck, 2008. Propagating uncertainties for loss estimation in performance-based earthquake engineering using moment matching. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. Accepted 13 Aug 2006. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15732479.asp 14.
Porter,
K.A., 2007. Fragility of hydraulic elevators for use in performance-based
earthquake engineering. Earthquake
Spectra, 23
(2), May 2007, http://www.sparisk.com/publications.htm
15.
Porter,
K.A., R.P. Kennedy, and R.E. Bachman, 2007. Creating fragility functions for
performance-based earthquake engineering. Earthquake Spectra, 23
(2), 471-489, http://www.sparisk.com/publications.htm
16.
Rose, A., K. Porter, N. Dash, J. Bouabid, C. Huyck, J.C.
Whitehead, D. Shaw, R.T. Eguchi, C. Taylor, T.R.
McLane, L.T. Tobin, P.T. Ganderton, D. Godschalk, A.S. Kiremidjian, K. Tierney, and C. Taylor
West. 2007. Benefit-cost analysis of FEMA hazard mitigation grants. Natural Hazards Review, 8(4), 1-15;
2007 17.
Goulet, C., C.
Haselton, J. Mitrani-Reiser,
J. Beck, G. Deierlein, K. Porter, and J. Stewart. 2007. Evaluation of the
seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building -
from seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses. Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 36 (13), 1973-1997 18.
Porter,
K.A., J. Mitrani-Reiser, J.L. Beck, and J.Y. Ching,
2006. Near-real-time loss estimation for instrumented buildings. The Structural Design of Tall and Special
Buildings 15 (1): 3-20. 19. Porter, K.A., K. Shoaf, and H. Seligson, 2006. Value of injuries in the Northridge Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 22 (2), May 2006 20.
Porter, K.A., C.R. Scawthorn, and J.L. Beck,
2006. Cost-effectiveness of stronger woodframe buildings. Earthquake
Spectra 22 (1), February 2006, 239-266, http://scitation.aip.org/journals/doc/EASPEF-ft/vol_22/iss_1/239_1.html
[09 Mar 2006], http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2006-woodframe.pdf 21. Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2006. Bayesian state estimation method for nonlinear systems and its application to recorded seismic response. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, April 2006. 22.
Ching,
J., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2006. Bayesian state and parameter estimation
of uncertain dynamical systems. Probabilistic
Engineering Mechanics, 21 (2006)
81-96 23.
Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, S.K. Au, K. Mizukoshi,
M. Miyamura, H. Ishida, T. Moroi,
Y. Tsukada, and M. Masuda, 2004. Effect of seismic
risk on lifetime property value. Earthquake Spectra, 20 (4), 1211-1237, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2004-LPV.pdf 24.
Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Simplified performance-based
earthquake engineering estimation of economic risk for buildings. Earthquake
Spectra, 20 (4), 1239-1263, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2004-PFL.pdf 25. Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Sensitivity of building loss estimates to major uncertain variables. Earthquake Spectra, 18 (4), 719-743, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2002-Sensitivity.pdf 26. Porter, K.A., A.S. Kiremidjian, and J.S. LeGrue, 2001. Assembly-based vulnerability of buildings and its use in performance evaluation. Earthquake Spectra, 17 (2), 291-312, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2001-ABV.pdf Conferences, Workshops, Seminars, and Trade Journals
27.
Porter,
K.A., 2010. Rapid Observation of Vulnerability and Estimation of Risk
(ROVER): end-to-end seismic risk management software. Proc. 9th US/10th Canadian Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Toronto Canada, 25 – 29 July 2010,
paper 1781, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-9USN10CCEE-ROVER.pdf 28. Porter, K.A., 2010. The ShakeOut
earthquake scenario: from the scientist’s perspective to the citizen's. American Association for the Advancement of Science
Annual Meeting, San Diego, 18 – 22 Feb 2010, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-AAAS-ShakeOut.pdf 29. Porter, K.A. and K. Cobeen, 2009.
Loss estimates for large soft-story woodframe buildings in San Francisco. Proc.
ATC & SEI 2009 Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of
Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Dec 9-11, 2009, San Francisco, CA. http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2009-CAPSS-1.pdf 30. Porter, K.A., S. Hellman, T.
McLane, and C. Carlisle, 2009. End-to-end seismic risk management software. Proc.
ATC & SEI 2009 Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of
Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Dec 9-11, 2009, San Francisco, CA, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-9USN10CCEE-ROVER.pdf 31. Samant,
L.D., K. Porter, K. Cobeen, L.T. Tobin, L. Kornfield, H. Seligson, S. Alejandrino, and J. Kidd, 2009. Mitigating San
Francisco’s soft-story building problem. Proc.
ATC & SEI 2009 Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of
Existing Buildings and Other Structures. Dec 9-11, 2009, San Francisco, CA. http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Samant-2009-CAPSS-Mitigation.pdf 32. Porter, K.A., S. Hellman, D. Wald,
K.W. Lin, 2009. Free, open source, end-to-end seismic risk management
software. SSA 2009 Annual Meeting,
Monterey, CA, 8 Apr 2009. 33. Porter, K.A., 2008. The ShakeOut
scenario, a hypothetical M7.8 Southern San Andreas Fault earthquake. Structure
Magazine, December 2008, http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=812 34. Porter, K.A., 2008. Fatality
models for PAGER. SSA 2008 Annual
Meeting, Santa Fe, NM, 17 Apr 2008 35. Porter, K.A., 2008. Tools of the
Trade: AGORA, OpenRisk, ROVER, and other Open Source Efforts. National
Earthquake Conference, Apr 22-26, 2008, Westin Hotel,
Seattle WA 36. Porter, K.A., 2008. Mitigation
Saves: FEMA Spent $3.5B and Saved $14B.
National Earthquake Conference, Apr 22-26,
2008, Westin Hotel, Seattle WA 37. Porter K.A. and C Scawthorn, 2007.
OpenRisk: open-source risk software and access for the insurance industry. 1st
International Conference on Asian Catastrophe Insurance (ICACI),
Kyoto University, Dec 3-4, 2007. http://spot.colorado.edu/~porterka/Porter-2007-ICACI-OpenRisk.pdf 38. Porter, K.A., 2007. OpenRisk: open-source risk estimation software. Natural Hazards Center 2007 Annual Hazards Workshop, July 8-11, 2007. http://www.risk-agora.org/pubs/Porter-2007-Boulder-OpenRisk.pdf 39. Porter, K.A., D. Wald, T. Allen,
and K. Jaiswal, 2007. An empirical relationship between fatalities and
instrumental MMI. 1st International Workshop on Disaster Casualties,
Kyoto University, Nov 28-29, 2007. http://spot.colorado.edu/~porterka/Porter-2007-Empirical-PAGER.pdf 40. Mosqueda, G., K.A. Porter, J. O’Connor, and P. McAnany, 2007. Damage to engineered buildings and bridges
in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Proc.
SEI Structures Congress, May 16-19, 2007, Long Beach CA. http://www.succeednow.org/asce07/Program/Abstracts/1135_MCEER-Katrina_Abstract_ASCE2007_(1).pdf [11 Jul 2007], http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Mosqueda-2007-SEI-Katrina.pdf [11 Jul 2007] 41. Porter, K.A., R. Hamburger, and R. Kennedy, 2007. Practical Development and Application of Fragility Functions. Proc. SEI Structures Congress, May 16-19, 2007, Long Beach CA. http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2007-SEI-fragility.pdf 42. Porter, K.A., J. Mitrani-Reiser, J.L. Beck , and J. Ching, 2006. Smarter structures: real-time loss estimation for instrumented buildings. Proc. 8th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, paper 1236, 18-22 April 2006, San Francisco, CA. 43. J. Mitrani-Reiser, C. Haselton, C. Goulet, K. Porter, J. Beck, and G. Deierlein, 2006. Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - Part II: loss estimation. Proc. 8th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 18-22 April 2006, San Francisco, CA. 44. Mosqueda, G. and K.A. Porter, 2006. Preliminary conclusions: assessing damage to engineered buildings in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Structural Engineer, February 2006, 20-26, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Mosqueda-2006-Katrina.pdf 45. Porter, K.A., C.R. Scawthorn, and J.L. Beck, 2005. Cost-effectiveness of stronger woodframe buildings. Proc. International Symposium on Earthquake Engineering Commemorating the Tenth Anniversary of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake (ISEE 2005), Kobe, Japan, January 13-16, 2005. 46. F. Jalayer, J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and J.F. Hall, 2005. Application of the subset simulation method in predicting the seismic response of an existing RC frame structure. Proc 9th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Rome, Italy, June 2005. 47. J.Y. Ching, J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2005. Bayesian state and parameter estimation using particle filters. Proc 9th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Rome, Italy, June 2005. 48. Porter, K.A. and J.L. Beck, 2004. Simplified PBEE to estimate economic seismic risk for buildings. Performance-Based Seismic Design [PBSD] -- Concepts and Implementation, Bled, Slovenia, June 28-July 1, 2004, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, Richmond, CA 49. Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Simplified estimation of economic seismic risk for buildings. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1755. 50. Shaikhutdinov, R.V., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Comparative study of different methods of structural damage assessment. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1678 51. Jalayer, F., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and J.F. Hall, 2004. Effects of ground motion uncertainty on predicting the response of an existing RC frame structure. Proc. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 2007 52. Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Application of Bayesian state estimation in real-time loss estimation of instrumented buildings. Proc 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1092. 53. Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Real-time Bayesian state estimation of dynamical systems using stochastic simulation. Proc. 9th ASCE Joint Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability. Albuquerque NM. July 2004. 54. Ching, J.Y., J.L. Beck, and K.A. Porter, 2004. Real-time Bayesian damage detection for uncertain dynamical systems. Proc. 17th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference (EM2004), June 13-16, 2004, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 55. Porter,
K.A., 2003. An overview of PEER’s performance-based earthquake engineering methodology.
Proc. Ninth International Conference on
Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering ( 56. Beck, J.L., K.A. Porter, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2003. Simplified estimation of life-cycle costs. Proc. 3rd International IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Infrastructure Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland, March 2003, published as D.M. Frangipol, ed., 2004. Life-cycle Performance of Deteriorating Structures: Assessment, Design, and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston VA, http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53285153 57. Porter, K.A., 2002. Learning from earthquakes: a survey of surveys. Keynote paper, EERI Invitational Workshop: An Action Plan to Develop Earthquake Damage and Loss Data Protocols, September 19th and 20th, 2002, Doubletree Hotel, Pasadena, California, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, CA, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2003-Survey-of-Surveys.pdf and http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2003-Survey-of-Surveys-Appendix.pdf 58. Beck, J.L., K.A. Porter, R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Accounting for seismic risk in financial analysis of property investment. NZSEE 2002 Conference, Napier, New Zealand, March, 2002 59. Porter, K.A. and A.S. Kiremidjian, 2001. Verifying performance-based design objectives using assembly-based vulnerability. Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR 2001, Newport Beach, California, USA, June 17-22 2001, A.A. Balkema, Lisse, the Netherlands, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2001-Verifying-PBEE.pdf 60. Porter, K.A., A.S. Kiremidjian, J.G. LeGrue, and S.A. King, 2000. A building damage estimation model for business recovery. Proc., 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, January 30 – February 4, 2000, New Zealand Earthquake Commission, Auckland, NZ, paper 2821 61. Scawthorn, C., K.A. Porter, and G.S. Johnson, 1999. Seismic reliability assessment of critical lifeline equipment. Proc. 5th U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Seattle Washington, August 12-14, 1999, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA 63. Porter, K.A., C. Scawthorn, C. Taylor, and N. Blais, 1998. Appropriate Seismic Reliability for Critical Equipment Systems: Recommendations Based on Regional Analysis of Financial and Life Loss. Technical Report MCEER-98-0016, MCEER, Buffalo, NY, 104 pp. 64. Porter, K.A., A.R. Scott, M. Johnson, C. Scawthorn, and H. Ryland, 1993. Training local officials in rapid visual screening of seismically hazardous buildings. Proceedings of the 1993 National Earthquake Conference: Earthquake Hazard Reduction in the Central and Eastern United States: A Time for Examination and Action; Memphis, Tennessee, May 2-5, 1993. Central United States Earthquake Consortium, Memphis TN, 1993, Volume I, 675-684. 65. Porter, K.A., C. Scawthorn, D.G. Honegger, T.D. O’Rourke, and F. Blackburn, 1992. Performance of water supply pipelines in liquefied soil. Proc. 4th US-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Disaster Prevention for Lifeline Systems, Los Angeles, August 19-21, 1991, Eguchi, R.T., ed., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 3-17. 66. Friedman, L., K.A. Porter, and C. Scawthorn, 1992. Use of logic tree analysis for earthquake emergency planning in critical facilities. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area; California State University, Hayward, March 25-29, 1992. Borchardt, G. et al., eds. California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA, 469-473 67. Scawthorn, C., K.A. Porter, M.M. Khater, D. Seidel, D. Ballantyne, H.T. Taylor, R.D. Darragh, and C. Ng, 1992. Utility performance aspects, liquefaction study, Marina and Sullivan Marsh areas, San Francisco, California. Proceedings from the Fourth Japan-US Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for Soil Liquefaction; Tokai University Pacific Center, Honolulu, May 27-29, 1992, Report NCEER 92-0019. Hamada, M. and O'Rourke, T.D., eds., National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, volume I, 317-333. 68. Scawthorn, C.R., K.A. Porter, D.P. O’Sullivan, and S.K. Harris, 1992. Consequence analyses for the Cities of Fremont, Hayward, and San Leandro. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area; California State University, Hayward, March 25-29, 1992. Borchardt, G. et al., eds., California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA, 513-517. Reports, Book Chapters, and Other Publications
69. Olsen, A.H. and K.A. Porter, 2011. On the Contribution of Reconstruction Labor Wages and Material Prices to Demand Surge. SESM-11-1, Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Olsen-2011-SESM-Demand-Surge.pdf 70. Porter, K., A. Wein, C. Alpers, A. Baez, P. Barnard, J. Carter, A. Corsi, J. Costner, D. Cox, T. Das, M. Dettinger, J. Done, C. Eadie, M. Eymann, J. Ferris, P. Gunturi, M. Hughes, R. Jarrett, L. Johnson, H. Dam Le-Griffin, D. Mitchell, S. Morman, P. Neiman, A. Olsen, S. Perry, G. Plumlee, M. Ralph, D. Reynolds, A. Rose, K. Schaefer, J. Serakos, W. Siembieda, J. Stock, D. Strong, I. Sue Wing, A. Tang, P. Thomas, K. Topping, and C. Wills, 2011. Overview of the ARkStorm Scenario. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1312, 183 pp. and appendices, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/ 71. Olsen,
A.H. and K.A. Porter, 2010. What We Know about Demand
Surge.
SESM-10-1, Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering,
University of Colorado at Boulder, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Olsen-2010-CU-WWKADS.pdf 72. Porter,
K.A., H. Ishida, K. Torisawa, and M. Miyamura, 2010. Enhancing Nonstructural Fragility
Analysis for Essential Facilities. Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering,
Richmond CA, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Porter-2010-CK7-Downtime.pdf 73. K.A. Porter and C. Scawthorn, 2009. Development of Open Source Seismic Risk Modeling Framework. Final Technical Report, award 07HQAG0002, US Geological Survey, Reston VA, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/ 74. Perry, S., D. Cox, L. Jones, R. Bernknopf, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, D. Ponti, K. Porter, M. Reichle, H. Seligson, K. Shoaf, J. Treiman, and A. Wein, 2008. The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario—a Story that Southern Californians are Writing. US Geological Survey Circular 1324 and California Geological Survey Special Report 207. US Geological Survey, Reston VA. http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1324/ [30 May 2008] 75. Jones, L.M., R. Bernknopf, D. Cox, J. Goltz, K. Hudnut, D. Mileti, S. Perry, D. Ponti, K. Porter, M. Reichle, H. Seligson, K. Shoaf, J. Treiman, and A. Wein, 2008. The ShakeOut Scenario. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1150 and California Geological Survey Preliminary Report 25, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/ [22 May 2008] 76. Porter, K., R. Graves, E. Reis, and P. Somerville, 2007. Index Woodframe Houses and their Response to Puente Hills Scenario Earthquakes. USC-SCEC/CEA Technical Report #9 for Milestone 3d, Southern California Earthquake Consortium, Los Angeles CA. 77. Mosqueda, G. and K. Porter, 2007. Engineering and Organizational Issues Before, During, and After Hurricane Katrina, Damage to Engineered Buildings and Lifelines from Wind, Storm Surge and Debris in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina. MCEER-07-SP03, MCEER, Buffalo, NY, 54 pp. 78. Hattis, D.B., W.I. Whiddon, Crandell, J.H., M. Greene, W. Koffel, J. McJury, K. Porter, and K. Powell, 2007. A Methodology for Identifying, Discussing, and Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Code Changes that Impact Housing. A Report for US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Building Technology Incorporated, Silver Spring, MD. 107 pp. 79. Rose, A., K. Porter, N. Dash, J. Bouabid, C. Huyck, J.C. Whitehead, D. Shaw, R.T. Eguchi, C. Taylor, T.R. McLane, L.T. Tobin, P.T. Ganderton, D. Godschalk, A.S. Kiremidjian, K. Tierney and C. Taylor West, 2006. Benefit-Cost Analysis of FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grants. No 06-02, Working Papers from Department of Economics, Appalachian State University. http://econ.appstate.edu/RePEc/pdf/wp0602.pdf. 80. Porter, K.A., and C Scawthorn, 2007. Open-Source Risk Estimation Software. Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), Los Angeles, CA, http://www.risk-agora.org/archive.htm 81. Porter, K.A., S Krishnan, and X. Xu, 2006. Analysis of Simultaneous Operational Failure of Critical Facilities Due to Earthquake, for a California Utility. Report EERL 2006-01, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL-2006-01 82. (NIST) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2006. Performance of Physical Structures in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita: A Reconnaissance Report. NIST TN-1476. Gaithersburg, MD. 83. Ganderton, P.T., L. Bourque, N. Dash, R. Eguchi, D. Godschalk, C. Heider, E. Mittler, K. Porter, A. Rose, L.T. Tobin, and C. Taylor, 2006. Mitigation generates savings of four to one and enhances community resilience: MMC releases study on savings from mitigation. Natural Hazards Observer, 30 (4) March 2006 http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/mar06/mar06a.html [09 Mar 2006] 84. (NIBS) National Institute of Building Sciences, 2005. Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: An Independent Study to Assess the Future Savings from Mitigation Activities, Washington, DC. http://spot.colorado.edu/~porterka/MMC-2005-Mitigation-Saves.pdf 85. Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, J.Y. Ching, J. Mitrani-Reiser, M. Miyamura, A. Kusaka, T. Kudo, K. Ikkatai, and Y. Hyodo, 2004. Real-Time Loss Estimation for Instrumented Buildings, Report EERL 2004-08, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL2004-08 86. Porter, K.A., 2004. A Survey of Bridge Practitioners to Relate Damage to Closure, Report EERL 2004-07, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:EERL-2004-07 87. Ching, J., J.L. Beck, K.A. Porter, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2004. Real-time Bayesian State Estimation of Uncertain Dynamical Systems, Report EERL 2004-01, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:2004-01 88. Porter, K.A., 2003. Evaluating Premium Incentives for the California Earthquake Authority, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 89. (EERI) Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 2003. Securing Society Against Catastrophic Earthquake Losses, A Research and Outreach Plan in Earthquake Engineering, Oakland, CA, 76 pp., http://www.eeri.org/research/Researchplan01-03.pdf 90. Ching, J.Y., K.A. Porter, and J.L. Beck, 2003. Uncertainty Propagation and Feature Selection for Loss Estimation in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, EERL Report No. 2003-03, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91. Porter, K.A., 2002. Life-safety risk criteria in seismic decisions. Acceptable Risk Processes: Lifelines and Natural Hazards, Monograph No. 21, C.E. Taylor and E. VanMarcke, eds., American Society of Civil Engineers, Technical Council for Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Reston, VA, http://spot.colorado.edu/~porterka/ 92. Porter, K.A., 2002. Seismic vulnerability. Chapter 21, Handbook of Earthquake Engineering, W.F. Chen and C.R. Scawthorn, eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 93. Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, and R.V. Shaikhutdinov, 2002. Investigation of Sensitivity of Building Loss Estimates to Major Uncertain Variables for the Van Nuys Testbed, PEER Report 2002/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Richmond, CA 94. Porter, K.A., J.L. Beck, H.A. Seligson, C.R. Scawthorn, L.T. Tobin, and T. Boyd, 2002. Improving Loss Estimation for Woodframe Buildings, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, CA, 136 pp., http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-01 (main report) and http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-02 (appendices) 95. Beck, J.L., K.A. Porter, R. Shaikhutdinov, S. K. Au, T. Moroi, Y. Tsukada, and M. Masuda, 2002. Impact of Seismic Risk on Lifetime Property Values, Final Report, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, CA, http://resolver.caltech.edu/caltechEERL:2002.EERL-2002-04 96. Porter, K.A., C. Scawthorn, C. Taylor, N. Blais, 1998. Appropriate Seismic Reliability for Critical Equipment Systems: Recommendations Based on Regional Analysis of Financial and Life Loss, MCEER-98-0016, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, 104 pp. 97. T. Larsen, K.A. Porter, M. Zadeh, C. Van Anne, and C. Scawthorn, 1996. Impact of Hurricane Andrew on Performance, Interaction, and Recovery of Lifelines. Grant BCS-9224819, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 257 pp, http://www.sparisk.com/pubs/Larsen-1996-Andrew-lifelines.pdf 98. Porter, K.A., G.S. Johnson, M.M. Zadeh, C.R. Scawthorn, and S.J. Eder, 1993. Seismic Vulnerability of Equipment in Critical Facilities: Life-Safety and Operational Consequences, NCEER-93-0022, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, 364 pp. 99. Scawthorn, C.R., K.A. Porter, and F.T. Blackburn, 1992. Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989, strong ground motion and ground failure, marina district: performance of emergency-response services after the earthquake. Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Marina District, USGS Professional Paper 1551-F. O'Rourke, Thomas D, ed., US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, F195-F215. |
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