ANTHROPOLOGY 4380/5380
Fall 1998
Hale 256, 12:30-1:45pm T Th
Payson Sheets
LITHIC ANALYSIS AND REPLICATION
Office: Hale 160.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
WEEK DATE TOPIC
READING ASSIGNMENTS
1. 25, 27 Aug
Introduction: Attributes, Terminology, Concepts Crabtree 1982:1-57, W p1-9
2. 1, 3 Sep Physics and Mechanics of Fracture.
W p11-21, Cotterell & Kamminga chap.
3. 8, 10 Sep Quarries & Workshops.
Coe & Flannery '64, Sheets '75AAq, Michels '75, Singer &
Ericson'77
4. 15, 17 Sep So What’s the Point?
-Lithic Analyses & Classif. Sheets '75CA, W Ch 11
5. 22, 24 Sep Mesoamerican Lithic Analyses.
Sheets '77, Johnson 1996
6. 29 Sep, 1 Oct Use-Wear
and Function, History Bamforth, Ahler, Loy.
Doug Bamforth
lecture on Tuesday 29th. Crabtree videos Thurs.
7. 6, 8 Oct
Ancillary Topics Groundstone, fractured: bone, and ethnoarcheology Torrence,
Ch. 3, Adams 1988
MIDTERM EXAM: Thurs
8 Oct - 100 points
8. 13, 15 Oct Production
and Specialization, Exchange Costin 1991. (Bradley video Thurs)
9. 20, 22 Oct Thermal
Alteration Rick & Chappell, Dunnell et al. 1994
10. 27, 29 Oct Analyses:
total, sampling and bulk; micro & macro,
Healan ‘95, (Metcalf &
Heath ‘90 optional), Schott ‘94
11. 3, 5 Nov
Technical Analysis: Hydration, Sourcing Illustration Friedman, Trembour
& Hughes 1997, Stross, et al. ‘83,
Shackley 1998
12. 10, 12 Nov Replication:
Introduction & Materials (Crabtree 1982:1-57), W Ch 3-5
13. 17, 19 Nov Replication: Percussion
Flaking W Ch 6
14. 24, 26 Nov Replication:
Percussion and Pressure Flaking W Ch 7,8
15. 1, 3 Dec Replication: Percussion &
Pressure W Ch 9, 10
16. 8 Dec. Review for Final Exam
none
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No makeup exams; you must be present and take both exams.
FINAL EXAM: Monday 14 December, 3:30 - 6:30 p.m.
- same room;
200 points. Exam is comprehensive.
TERM PAPERS: Due Tues 8 Dec, 10% deducted per day late. The anthropological
system of parenthetical referencing is to be used. Papers may be
in the formats of research proposals, research results, description and
interpretation of your experimental project, critical literature reviews,
or similar approaches. An abstract is required. 12 point font.
Undergraduate 4380 papers should be 5-7 pages of typed, double-spaced
text (not including illustrations), value - 100 points.
Graduate 5380 papers should be double that length, and more theoretically
or experimentally oriented, value - 200 points.
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REQUIRED READINGS:
Whittaker, John C.
1994 Flintknapping: Making and Understanding
Stone Tools.
Austin: Univ of Texas Press. Text, @ Bookstore
Crabtree, Don E.
1982 An Introduction to Flintworking.
Occasional Papers,
Idaho State
University Museum, #28. (Copy in Grad Lounge, ditto for all
required readings below:)
Shackley, M. Steven 1998 “Current Issues and Future Directions
in Archaeological Volcanic Glass Studies” in Schackley Ed.
Archaeological Obsidian studies: Method and Theory. Plenum
Press, NY. (Chp. 1)
Johnson, Jay
1996 “Lithic Analysis and Questions of Cultural Complexity”
In Odell ed. Stone Tools: Theoretical Insights into Human Prehistory.
NY: Plenum. pp.159-180.
Healan, Dan
1995 Identifying lithic reduction loci with size-graded
macrodebitage: A multivariate approach. American
Antiquity 60:4: 689-700.
Torrence, Robin
1986 Chapter 3 “Designing an instrument for
measuring change” in Production and Exchange of Stone
Tools. Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ.
Press. pp. 38-92.
Bamforth, Douglas
1988 Investigating Microwear Polishes with
Blind Tests: The Institute Results in Context. Journal
of Archaeological Science, 15:11-23.
Dunnell, R. C. et al.
1994 Heat Treatment of Mill Creek and Dover Cherts
on the Malden Plain, Southeast Missouri. Journal
of Archaeological Science 21:1: 79-90.
Newman, Jay
1994 The effects of distance on lithic material reduction
technology. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:4:491-501.
Andrefsky, Wm.
1994 Raw material availability and the organization of
technology. American Antiquity 59:1:21-35.
Schott, Michael
1994 Size and form in the analysis of flake debris: Review
and recent approaches. Journal of Archaeological Method
and Theory 1:1:69-110.
Adams, J.
1988 Use-wear Analyses on Manos and Hide-processing
Stones. Journal of Field Archaeology 15:307-315.
Loy, Thomas
1982 "Prehistoric Blood Residues." Science
220:1269-71.
Coe, Michael, and Kent Flannery
1964 The Precolumbian Obsidian Industry of
El Chayal, Guatemala. American Antiquity
30:43-49.
Sheets, P.
1975 A Reassessment of the Precolumbian Obsidian
Industry of El Chayal, Guatemala. American Antiquity
40:98-103.
Michaels, Joseph
1975 El Chayal Guatemala: A Chronological and Behavioral
Reassessment. American Antiquity 40: 103-106.
Sheets, P.
1975 Behavioral Analysis and the Structure
of a Prehistoric
Industry.
Current Anthropology 16:369-91.
1977 The Analysis of Chipped Stone Artifacts
in Southern
Mesoamerica:
An Assessment. Latin American Research
Review, 12:139-58.
Ahler, S.
1979 "Functional Analysis of Nonobsidian Chipped
Stone
Artifacts:
Terms, Variables, and Quantification." In
Hayden (ed.)
Lithic Use-Wear Analysis. NY: Academic
Press.
Cotterell, B. and J. Kamminga
1979 "The Mechanics of Flaking." In
Hayden (ed.) Lithic
Use-Wear Analysis.
NY: Academic Press.
Costin, Cathy
1991 Craft specialization: Issues in defining, documenting,
and explaining the organization of production. Method and Theory
in Archaeology, Ed. by Michael Schiffer. Vol. 3.
Tucson: Univ of AZ Press, p. 1-56.
Rick, J. and S. Chappell
1983 Thermal Alteration of Silica Materials
in Technological
and Functional
Perspective. Lithic Technology 12:69-
80.
Singer, Clay and Jonathon Ericson
1977 Quarry Analysis at Bodie Hills, Mono
County, CA: A Case Study. In Exchange Systems in
Prehistory, Ed. by T. Early & J. Ericson. NY:
Academic Press. pp. 171-188.
Stross, F., P. Sheets, F. Asaro, and H. Michel
1983 Precise Characterization of Guatemalan
Obsidian
Sources, and
Source Determination of Artifacts from
Quirigua.
American Antiquity 48:323-46.
Friedman, Irving, Fred Trembour, and Richard Hughes 1997 “Obsidian
Hydration Dating” In Taylor & Aitken Eds. Chronometric
Dating in Archaeology, Plenum Press, NY.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
RECOMMENDED READINGS:
Hester, T. and R. Heizer
1973 Bibliography of Archaeology I:
Experiments, Lithic
Technology and
Petrography. Reading (MA): Addison-
Wesley Module
#29.
Henry, Don & George Odell (Eds.)
1989 Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis. Archeol
Papers of the Amer Anthro Assn #1.
Metcalfe, Duncan, and Kathleen Heath
1990 Microrefuse and site structure: The hearths and floors
of the Heartbreak Hotel. American Antiquity 55:4:781-96.
Krim, Jacqueline
1996 Friction at the Atomic Scale. Scientific
American October 1996, p. 74-80.
Hester, Tom
1980 The 1980 Season at Colha, Belize, an
Overview. MS, Univ of Texas, San Antonio.
Odell, George (Ed.)
1996 Stone Tools: Theoretical Insights into Human Prehistory.
NY: Plenum.
Trembour, F. and I. Friedman
1984 The Present Status of Obsidian Hydration
Dating. Quaternary Dating Methods, Ed. by
W. Mahaney.*
GENERAL REFERENCES FOR ANTHROPOLOGY
4380/5380
WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION, THEORETICAL
Bamforth, D.
1988 Ecology and Human Organization on the
Great Plains. Plenum Press, New York.
Bamforth, D.
1991 Technological Organization and Hunter-Gatherer Land
Use: A California Example. AAq 56:216-35.
Bordaz, J.
1970 Tools of the Old and New Stone Age.
Natural History
Press, Garden
City.
Bordes, F.
1968 The Old Stone Age. McGraw-Hill,
N.Y.
Gould, R. and S. Saggers
1985 Lithic Procurement in Central Australia:
A Closer Look
at Binford's
Idea of Embeddedness in Archeology. A.
AQ. 50:117-36.
Hester, T. R. and R. F. Heizer
1973 Bibliography of Archaeology I:
Experiments, Lithic
Technology and
Petrography. Addison Wesley Module in
Anthropology,
#29.
Honea, K.
1983 Lithic Technology: An International
Annotated
Bibliography.
LT Special Pub. #2. U. T., San Antonio.
Lustig-Arecco, Vera
1975 Technology: Strategies for Survival.
Holt, Rinehart
and Winston,
N.Y.
Oakley, K. P.
1964 Man the Tool-Maker. University
of Chicago Press.
Odell, George (Ed)
1996 Stone Tools: Theoretical Insights into Human Prehistory.
NY:Plenum
Plew, M., J. Woods, and M. Pavesic (eds.)
1985 Stone Tool Analysis: Essays in
Honor of Don E.
Crabtree.
Albuquerque: Univ. of N. M. Press.
Seeman, Mark
1994 Intercluster lithic patterning at Nobles Pond:
a case for disembedded procurement among early Paleoindian
societies. Amer Antiq 59:273 ff.
Shott, M.
1989 On Tool-Class use Lives and the Formation of
Archaeological Assemblages. AAq 54:9-30.
Spier, R. F. G.
1970 From the Hand of Man: Primitive
and Preindustrial
Technologies.
Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Torrence, R. (Ed.)
1989 Time, Energy and Stone Tools. Cambridge Univ
Press, Cambridge.
Watson, W.
1968 Flint Implements. British Museum,
London.
Wright, R. (ed.)
1977 Stone Tools as Cultural Markers. Canberra; Humanities Press
(NJ).
WEEK 1 (Ct’d): ATTRIBUTES, TERMINOLOGY, CONCEPTS
Binford, L. R.
1963 A Proposed Attribute List for the Description
and
Classification
of Projectile Points. Anth. Papers,
Museum of Anth.,
University of Michigan. 19. Ann
Arbor.
Bonnichsen, R. and D. Hoch
1983 Flake Dispersal Experiments: Noncultural
Transformations
of the Archeological Record. A. AQ.
48:553-73.
Crabtree, D. E.
1972 An Introduction to Flintworking.
Occasional Papers,
Idaho State
University Museum 28. Pocatello.
Kamp, K. and J. Whittaker
1986 Unproductive Lithic Resources at Lake
Mead. A. AQ.
51:383:8.
Ludke, Barbara
1992 An Archaeologist's Guide to Chert and
Flint. UCLA Inst of Archaeology.
Movius, H. L. Jr., et al.
1968 The Analysis of Certain Major Classes
of Upper
Paleolithic
Tools. Am. Sch. of Prehist. Res., Peabody
Museum, Harvard
University Bull. 26. Cambridge.
Sullivan, A. and K. Rozen
1985 Debitage Analysis and Archeological Interpretation.
A.
AQ. 50:755-79.
Tixier,J.
1974 Glossary for the Description of Stone
Tools. Special
Publication
#1, Lithic Technology.
WEEK 2: PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF FRACTURE
Atkinson, B. (Ed.)
1987 Fracture Mechanics of Rock. Academic Press,
London.
Barnes, A. S.
1939 The Differences Between Natural and Human
Flaking on
Prehistoric
Flint Implements. A. Anth. 41:99-112.
Cottrell, A. H.
1964 The Mechanical Properties of Matter.
John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
Cotterell, B. and J. Kamminga
1987 The Formation of Flakes. AAQ 52:675-708.
Faulkner, A.
1972 Mechanical Principles of Flintworking.
Unpublished
Ph.D. dissertation,
Dept. of Anth. Washington St. Univ.
Jaeger, J. C.
1964 Elasticity, Fracture, and Flow.
Methuen, London.
Kolsky, H.
1963 Stress Waves in Solids. Dover,
New York.
Speth, J. D.
1972 Mechanical Basis of Percussion Flaking.
A. AQ. 37:37-
60.
1974 Experimental Investigations of Hard-hammer
Percussion
Flaking.
Tebiwa 17:1:7-63
Tsirk, A.
1974 Mechanical Basis of Percussion Flaking:
Some Comments.
A. AQ. 39:128-30.
Warrens, S. H.
1914 The Experimental Investigation of Flint
Fracture and
Its Application
to the Problem of Human Implements.
JRAI 44:412-50.
WEEK 3: QUARRIES AND WORKSHOPS
See references on p. 2-3.
Stevenson, M.
1985 The Formation of Artifact Assemblages
at Workshop- Habitation Sites: Models from Peace Point
in Northern Alberta. AAQ 50:63-81.
Cottrell, M.
1985 Tomato Springs: The Identification of
a Jasper Trade and Production Center in Southern California.
AAQ 50:833-49.
WEEK 4: FORMAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSES
Collins, M. B.
1973 Lithic technology as a means of processual
inferences.
Paper, 9th ICAES,
Chicago. Reprint #0271.
Davis, D. (ed.)
1978 Lithics and Subsistence. Vanderbilt
Univ., Pubs. in
Anth. #20.
Flenniken, J. and A. Raymond
1986 Morphological Projectile Point Typology:
Replication
Experimentation
and Technological Analysis. A. AQ.
51:603-14.
Holmes, W. H.
1894 Natural History of Flaked Stone Implements.
Memoirs of
the Int. Cong.
of Anth., ed. by C. S. Wake, pp. 120-39.
Chicago.
Muto, G. R.
1971 A technological analysis of the early
stages in the
manufacture
of lithic artifacts. Unpublished M.A.
thesis, Idaho
St. Univ., Pocatello.
Newsletter of Lithic Technology, 1972-1976 (named changed in
1977). changed to:
Lithic Technology, 1977-present.
Odell, G.
1980 Toward a More Behavioral Approach to
Archaeological
Lithic Concentrations.
A. AQ. 45:404-31.
Sackett, J. R.
1966 Quantitative Analysis of Upper Paleolithic
Stone Tools.
A. Anth. 68:2:2:356-94.
Sheets, P. D.
1975 Behavioral Analysis and the Structure
of a Prehistoric
Industry.
CA 16:369-91.
Van Noten, F., D. Cahen, and L. Keeley
1980 A Paleolithic Campsite in Belgium.
Scientific American
242(4):48-55
Wilmsen, E. N.
1970 Lithic Analysis and Cultural Inference:
A Paleo-Indian
Case.
Anth. Papers, Univ. Ariz. #16. Tucson.
1968 Lithic Analysis in Paleoanthropology.
Science 161:982-
8.
WEEK 5: MESOAMERICAN LITHIC STUDIES
Clark, J.
1982 Manufacture of Mesoamerican Prismatic
Blades: An
Alternative
Technique. A. AQ. 47:355-76.
1986 From Mountains to Molehills: A Critical
Review of Teotihuacan's Obsidian Industry.
In Research in Economic Anthropology, Ed. by B. Isaac,
Supplement 2. JAI Press, CT.
Dockall, J. and H. Shafer
1993 Testing the Producer-Consumer Model for
Santa Rita Corozal, Belize. Latin American Antiquity
4:158-79.
Hester, T. (ed.)
1976 Maya Lithic Studies. Report #4,
Center. Arch. Res.,
Univ. of Texas,
San Antonio.
1978 Archaeological Studies of Mesoamerican
Obsidian.
Ballena Press
Studies #3 (Socorro, N. M.).
1991 Maya Stone Tools. Prehistory Press, Madison
WI.
Lewenstein, S.
1987 Stone Tool Use at Cerros. Univ of TX Press,
Austin.
Shafer, H. and H. Hester
1983 Ancient Maya Chert Workshops in Northern
Belize,
Central America.
A. AQ. 48:519-543.
Sheets, P.
1978 The Artifacts. In Sharer (ed.)
The Prehistory of
Chalchuapa,
El Salvador, Vol II. Philadelphia: U. of
Pa. Press.
1977 The Analysis of Chipped Stone Artifacts
in Southern
Mesoamerica.
Spence, M.
1981 Obsidian Production and the State in
Teotihuacan. A.
AQ. 46:769-88.
WEEK 6: FUNCTION/MICROWEAR ANALYSIS
Brose, D. S.
1975 Functional Analysis of Stone Tools:
A Cautionary Note
on the Role
of Animal Fats. A. AQ. 40:86-94.
Del Bene, T.
1979 "Once Upon a Striation: Current
Models of Striation
and Polish Formation."
In Hayden (ed.) Lithic Use-Wear
Analysis.
NY: Academic Press. *
Gould, R. A., D. A. Koster, and A. H. L. Sontz
1971 The Lithic Assemblage of the Western
Desert Aborigines
of Australia.
A. AQ. 36:149-69.
Gould, R. A.
1973 Use-wear on Western Desert Aborigine
Stone Tools: A
Reply to Messrs.
Hayden and Kamminga. Newsletter of
Lithic Technology
2:9-14.
Hayden, B. and J. Kamminga
1973 Gould, Koster, and Sontz on "Micro-wear":
A Critical
Review.
Newsletter of Lithic Technology 2:3-8.
Hayden, B. (ed.)
1979 Lithic Use-wear Analysis. NY:
Academic Press.
Hester, T. R. and R. F. Heizer
1971 Problems in Function Interpretation:
Scraper-Planes
from the Valley
of Oaxaca, Mexico. Contrib., U. of CA.
Arch. Res. Facility,
14:107-23.
1973 Arrow Points or Knives? Comments
on the Proposed
Function of
"Stockton Points." A. AQ. 38:220-2.
Hester, T. , D. Gilbow, and A. Albee
1973 A Functional Analysis of "Clear Fork"
Artifacts from
the Rio Grande
Plain, Texas. A. AQ. 38:90-6.
Hyland, D, J. Tersak, J. Adovasio, and M. Siegel
1990 Identification of the Species of Origin of Residual
Blood on Lithic Materials. AAq 55:104-111.
Keeley, L. H.
1974 Technique and Methodology in Microwear
Studies: A
Critical Review.
WA 5:323-36.
1974 A Methodology of Micro Analysis: A Comment
on Nance.
A. AQ. 39:126-8.
1977 The Functions of Paleolithic Flint Tools.
Scientific
American 237(5):108-126.
1980 Experimental Determination of Stone Tool
Uses. U.
Chicago Press.
1982 Hafting and Retooling: Effects
on the Archeological
Record.
A. AQ. 47:798-810.
Keller, C. M.
1966 The Development of Edge Damage Patterns
on Stone Tools.
Man 1:501-11.
Loy, Thomas
1982 Prehistoric Blood Residues: Detection
on Tool Surfaces
and Identification
of Species of Origin. Science
220:1269-71.
Nance, J. D.
1971 Functional Interpretations from Microscopic
Analysis.
A. AQ. 36:361-6.
Odell, G.
1975 Micro-wear in Perspective. WA 7(2):226-240.
Olausson, D.
1980 Starting from Scratch: The History
of Edge-wear
Research from
1838 to 1978. Lithic Technology 9(2):48-
60.
Semenov, S. A.
1964 Prehistoric Technology (tr. by M. Thompson).
Cory,
Adams, and MacKay,
London.
Shea, John
1992 Lithic Microwear analysis in archaeology.
Evolutionary Anthropology 1:4: 143-150.
Sheets, P. D.
1973 Edge Abrasion During Biface Manufacture.
A. AQ.
38:215-8.
Sonnefeld, J.
1962 Interpreting the Function of Primitive
Implements. A.
AQ. 28:56-65.
Tringham, R. et al.
1974 Experimentation in the Formation of Edge
Damage: A New
Approach to
Lithic Analysis. Journ. of Field Archaeol.
1:171-96.
Vaughan, P.
1985 Use-Wear Analysis of Flaked Stone Tools.
Tucson:
Univ. of Arizona
Press.
Walker, P. and J. Long
1977 An Experimental Study of the Morphological
Characteristics
of Tool Marks. A. AQ. 42:605-16.
Witthoft, J.
1965 Glazed Polish on Flint Tools. A.
AQ. 32:383-8.
Yerkes, R.
1983 Microwear, Microdrills, and Mississippian
Craft
Specialization.
A. AQ. 48:499-519.
Young, D. and D. Bamforth
1990 On the Macroscopic Identification of
Used Flakes. A Aq 55:403-9.
WEEK 7: ANCILLARY TOPICS: GROUNDSTONE, FRACTURED BONE,
ETHNOARCHEOLOGY
Adams, Jenny
1995 The development of prehistoric grinding technology in the
Point of Pines area, AZ. Museum Anthropology 19:3:17-29.
Bamforth, D.
1986 Technological Efficiency and Tool Curation.
A. AQ.
51:38-50.
Bonnichsen, R.
1973 Millie's Camp: An Experiment in
Archeology. WA.
1979 Pleistocene Bone Technology in the Beringian
Refugium.
Nat. Mu. Man,
Mercury Series, Paper 89. Ottawa.
Bonnichsen, R. & M. Sorg Eds.
1989 Bone Modification. (conference
proceedings) Center for Study of First Americans, Oregon
St Univ, Corvallis.
Frison, G. and G. Zeimens
1980 Bone Projectile Points: An Addition
to the Folsom
Cultural Complex.
A. AQ. 45:231:7.
Hayden, B. and M. Nelson
1981 The Use of Chipped Lithic Material in
the Contemporary
Maya Highlands.
A. AQ. 46:885-98.
Hayden, B. (Ed.)
1987 Lithic Studies Among the Contemporary Highland Maya.
Univ of AZ Press, Tucson.
Lyman, R. L.
1984 Broken Bones, Bone Expediency Tools,
and Bone
Pseudotools:
Lessons from the Blast Zone Around Mt.
St. Helens,
Washington. A. AQ. 49:315-33.
Stanford, E. et al.
1981 The Ginsberg Experiment. Science
212:43-50.
Weissner, P.
1983 Style and Social Information in Kalahari
San Projectile
Point.
A. AQ. 48:253-77.
White, J. P. and D. H. Thomas
1972 What Mean These Stones? IN Models
in Archaeology, Ed.
by D. Clarke.
London: Methuen.
Zier, A.
1981 An Experiment in Groundstone Use-wear
Analysis. M.A.
Thesis, Anthropology,
CU-Boulder.
WEEK 8: PRODUCTION AND SPECIALIZATION
Arnold, Jeanne 1987 Craft Specialization in the Prehistoric
Channel Islands, California. Univ of CA Pubs in Anthropology,
Vol 18, Berkeley, Univ of CA Press.
Brumfiel, E, and T. Earle Eds. 1987 Specialization, Exchange,
and Complex Societies. Cambridge Univ. Press.
Clark, John, and Wm Parry 1990 “Craft Specialization and
Cultural Complexity” Research in Economic Anthropology 12:
289-ff.
Santley, Robert 1984 “Obsidian Exchange, Economic Stratification,
and the Evolution of Complex Society in the bAsin of Mexico.
In K Hirth Ed. Trade and Exchange in Early Mesoamerica, p. 43- 86.
Albq: Univ of NM Press.
WEEK 9: THERMAL ALTERATION
Collins, M. and J. Fenwick
1974 Heat Treating of Chert: Methods
of Interpretation and
Their Application.
Plains Anth. 19:134-45.
Crabtree, D. E. and B. R. Butler
1964 Notes on Experiments in Flint Knapping:
1. Heat
Treatment of
Silica Minerals. Tebiwa 7:1-6.
Domenski, M. et al
1994 Mechanical properties of tone artefact materials and the
effect of heat treatment. Archaeometry 36:2: 177-208.
Dunnell, R. et al.
1994 Heat treatment of Mill Creek...cherts
in MO. Journal of Archaeological Science 21:79-90.
Flenniken, J. and E. Garrison
1975 Thermally Altered Novaculite and Stone
Tool
Manufacturing
Techniques. JFA 2:125-31.
Hester, T. R.
1972 Ethnographic Evidence for the Thermal
Alteration of
Siliceous Stone.
Tebiwa 15:63-5.
Hester, T. R. and M. B. Collins
1974 Evidence for Heat Treating of Southern
Texas Projectile
Points.
Bulletin, Texas Arch. Soc. 45:219-23.
Melcher, C. and D. Zimmerman
1977 Thermoluminescent Determination of Prehistoric
Heat
Treatment of
Chert Artifacts. Science 197:1359-62.
Paulish, L. and P. Sheppard
1983 Thermoluminescent Determination of PaleoIndian
Heat
Treatment in
Ontario, Canada. A. AQ. 48:793-800.
Perino, G.
1971 Some Results of Heat Treating Flint.
The Chesiopiean
9:99-100.
Purdy, B. A. and H. K. Brooks
1971 Thermal Alteration of Silica Materials.
An
Archaeological
Approach. Science 173:322-5.
Rick, J.
1978 Heat-Altered Cherts of the Lower Illinois
Valley.
Northwestern
Arch. Prog., Records, #2.
Sollberger, J. B. and T. R. Hester
1973 Some Additional Data on the Thermal Alteration
of
Siliceous Stone.
Bulletin, Okla. Anth. Soc. 21:181-5.
WEEK 11: TECHNICAL ANALYSES: HYDRATION DATING, SOURCING;
ILLUSTRATION
Addington, Lucille
1986 Lithic Illustration: Drawing Flaked
Stone Artifacts
for Publication.
Chicago: U. of Chicago Press.
Friedman, I. and F. Trembour
1983 Obsidian Hydration Dating Update. A.
AQ. 48:544-47.
Meighan, C.
1983 Obsidian Dating in California:
Theory and Practice.
A. AQ. 48:600-609.
Moholy-Nagy, H., F. Asaro, and F. Stross
1984 Tikal Obsidian: Sources and Typology.
A. AQ. 49:104-
18.
Sheets, P., K. Hirth, F. Lange, F. Stross, and H. Michel
1990 Obsidian Sources and Elemental Analyses of Artifacts
in Southern Mesoamerica and the Northern Intermediate Area.
AAq 55:144-158.
Stross, F., P. Sheets, F. Asaro, and H. Michel
1983 Precise Characterization of Guatemalan
Obsidian
Sources, and
Source Determination of Artifacts from
Quirigua.
A. AQ. 48:323-36.
WEEKS 12-15: REPLICATION
Bamforth, D.
1991 Flintknapping Skill, Communal Hunting,
and Paleoindian Projectile Point Typology. Plains Anthropologist
36: 309-322.
Crabtree, D. E.
1966 A Stoneworker's Approach to Analyzing
and Replicating
the Lindenmeier
Folsom. Tebiwa 9:39.
1967 Notes on Experiments in Flint Knapping:
3. The Flint
Knapper's Raw
Materials. Tebiwa 10:8-25.
Crabtree, D. E.
1967 Notes on Experiments in Flint Knapping:
4. Tools Used
for Making Flaked
Stone Artifacts. Tebiwa 10:60-73.
1968 Mesoamerican Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic
Blades. A.
AQ. 33:446-78.
1970 Flaking Stone with Wooden Implements.
Science 169:146-
53.
Ellis, H. H.
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ABBREVIATIONS USED:
JFA = Journal of Field Archeology
A. AQ. = American Antiquity
JRAI = Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
WA = World Archaeology
CA = Current Anthropology
A ANTH = American Anthropologist (whew)