Syllabus
Philosophy 1100 Honors
Introduction to Ethics
Section 880
Professor
Michael Tooley
TTh 9:30-10:45
Hellems, Room 277
Hellems, Room 177
Office Hours: MW
11:00-12:30

Course Readings
I have become rather dissatisfied
with ethics textbooks, which seem to me generally overpriced –
something that may be due in part to the fact that publishers are
constantly coming out with new editions. As a result, I am currently
experimenting with the idea of using readings that are either available
via the Internet or that I shall place on E-Reserve. (I would
very much appreciate your feedback, as the semester progresses, on how
you find this alternative to the use of a textbook.)
Classes
Once we
get over the introductory, background material on philosophy and
ethics, and the critical thinking material, our classes will be a
combination of lectures and discussion. It is very important that
people come to class prepared to take part in those discussions.
This means that you should do
the readings in advance, and then think about the issues, so
that when
an opportunity arises in a lecture to set out your opinion on the issue
in
question, you are prepared to offer a
thoughtful view, along with your
reasons for thinking that your view is correct.
Class
discussions will sometimes incorporate a
mini critical thinking session, in which we briefly discuss some
controversial issue. When this is the case, the topic to be
discussed will be announced in the preceding lecture, and you should
come to class prepared to advance a view on the issue, and a reason for
your view.
Course Work
Your grade in this course will
be based upon seven exercises, two essay-writing exercises (each
involving two parts), and a final examination.
Instructions Regarding
Assignments
Please note the
following very important
points:
(1) All assignments are to be downloaded
from the Philosophy 1100 Honors website, which is http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/Philosophy1100Honors.html.
(2) You should download Exercise 1, read through, and bring it to
class on Thursday, August 25, so that we can discuss any questions
that
you have about that first assignment.
(3) All assignments are to be handed in
at the class on the due dates listed below.
(4) The policy concerning late
assignments is set out below.
(5) Whenever you hand in an assignment,
you should bring a
downloaded copy of the next assignment to that class, since
that is when the assignment will be explained and discussed.
The Web Site for Philosophy 1100 Honors
My home page is http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/.
Course materials can be accessed either from my home page, by clicking
on the link “Current Courses”, or directly, by going to the
following, Philosophy 1100 Honors web site: http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/Philosophy1100Honors.html
Those course materials include
the following: (1) the exercises, and essay assignments and
instructions; (2) a course syllabus; (3) a course overview; (4) lecture
material relevant to the exercises; (5) lecture notes on several
topics; (6) a final examination handout; and (7) some additional
readings for the course.
Contacting Me Concerning Urgent
Matters
People tend to rely rather
heavily on e-mail. This is not a good idea in my case, since I
sometimes get absorbed in my research, and then I do not check my email
on a regular basis. In addition, many matters can be dealt with
much more quickly and effectively by a conversation. So please
contact me by telephone, rather than by email, especially if it
is a
matter of some urgency.
My home phone is (303)
541-0933, and you will almost always be able to reach me between the
hours of 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and on
weekends as well, and in the evenings on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Exercises
Exercise 1: The
Infallibility of the Bible. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, September 1
Exercise 2: Morality and
the Bible. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, September 8
Exercise 3: Jesus and
Christianity. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, September 15
Exercise 4:
Validity. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, September 22
Exercise 5:
Inference-Indicators and the Logical Structure of Arguments. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, September 29
Exercise 6: Analyzing a
More Complex Argument. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, October 6
Exercise 7: The Technique
of Counterexamples. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, October 13
The Essay-Writing Exercises
First Essay: An essay of four to
five pages in length (or about 1000-1250 words), on a topic chosen from
a list of topics. Full instructions, including a list of topics,
can be found on our class website at http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/FirstEssayExercise.html
(20%)
Sub-assignments:
(a) Your basic thesis, your central supporting argument, and one
important objection that you will address. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, October 20
(b) The completed essay. (15%)
Due date: Thursday, November 3
Second Essay: An essay of four
to five pages in length (or about 1000-1250 words), on a topic chosen
from a list of topics. Full instructions, for this second essay,
including a list of topics in a variety of areas, can be found at
http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/SecondEssayExercise.html
(20%)
Sub-assignments:
(a) Your basic thesis, your central supporting argument, and one
important objection that you will address. (5%)
Due date: Thursday, November 10
(b) The completed essay. (15%)
Due date: Thursday, December 1
Final Examination
There will be a two and
one-half hour, closed book examination on Wednesday, December 14th, 4:30 p.m. – 7:00
p.m. in Hellems 177 (25%)
Policy on Late Assignments
(1) If you are not going to be able to hand in an assignment by the due
date, you need to contact me about this, either in person or by
telephone, or by e-mail (Michael.Tooley@Colorado.edu),
so that I can determine whether there is an adequate reason for late
submission.
(2) This should be done no later
than the time at which the assignment is due.
(3) If there is an adequate reason for late submission, supporting documentation – such as a
medical note – will generally be needed, and it should be provided as
soon as possible.
(4) If there is no adequate reason why you were unable to complete the
assignment by class on the due date, the assignment may be handed in
later, but it will receive only three-quarters
credit.
Accessing
the Readings
1. Readings That Are
Straightforwardly Available
on
the Internet
Some of the readings are
straightforwardly available on the Internet, rather than being on
websites that are not open to the general public. In the case of
those readings, I have given the relevant URL for the website where you
can read or download the article.
In some cases, depending upon
your Internet browser, pasting the link into your Internet browser,
rather than simply clicking on the link, may be necessary, while in
other cases where it is not necessary, pasting the link into your
Internet browser may result in a faster download.
2. Readings on “Protected” Websites
At the moment, six of the
readings are available online, but are on websites that are not open to
the general public. (It’s possible that I may add some others
later.) How you access those readings depends on whether you are
on campus or off campus.
Access from On-Campus
If you want to access the reading
from an on-campus location, the website will recognize that you are
attempting to access the article from the University of Colorado, and
it will allow you to do so. All that you need to do, then, in
order to read or to download the essay in question, is to click on the
relevant link that is given below for the article in question, or to
paste that link into your browser.
Access from Off-Campus
Accessing a reading on a
protected website when you are not on campus is a slightly more
complicated matter, but it will not involve more work once you have
gotten things set up. The basic point is that you have to access
the article via a VPN connection, and that you will use a different URL
once you have made the VPN connection.
So what is a VPN
connection? VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. As the
University of Colorado’s Information Technology Services says, “A VPN
(Virtual Private Network) provides a secure encrypted tunnel from your
computer to CU's network whether you are on campus or off. If you are
using the client from off campus, it appears that your computer traffic
is originating from the CU network thus allowing access to resources
that require on-campus connections such as library resources.”
The simplest way to get a VPN connection is via the
VPN Web Interface method, which is as follows:
(1) Go to https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/
(If you have an Apple computer, it is best to use, say, Firefox, rather
an Safari, since Safari causes problems with toe downloading of pdf
copies of articles from the JSTOR website.)
(2) Log in with your University of Colorado IdentiKey.
(3) If you've never accessed the VPN web interface on the web browser
you're using, you may be prompted to install a Juniper application. You
may also be prompted to accept a certificate, both of which you should
do.
(4) Once you have logged in, you can use the VPN Web Interface to take
care of your business.
(5) To read or download any of the readings below that are listed as
requiring a VPN connection:
(a) Log in to your VPN connection, and then
(b) Paste the URL address that is given for the reading in question, in
the case of an off-campus, VPN connection, into your browser’s address
window, and press “Return”.
(c) In some cases, a window will immediately open that will allow one
to either open or save a pdf copy of the article.
(d) In other cases, you will be taken to an html page where you can
read the article.
(e) In the latter case, if you want to download a pdf copy of the
article, click “View PDF”. This will open a window that allows
you to open or download the article in PDF format.
(f) In opening or downloading the article, it is best to use Adobe
Reader. The default Apple program, Preview, often cuts off the
first page of the article when it is being retrieved from the website
JSTOR. (If you do not have Adobe Reader, a free copy of it can be
downloaded at http://get.adobe.com/reader/.)
For more information about VPN, and other options
for VPN access, go to
the following Information Technology Services website: http://www.colorado.edu/its/vpn/
The upshot is that in the case of
readings on protected websites, you will find two URLs below for each of those
readings, one to be used for direct, on-campus
access, and the other to be used for off-campus, VPN access.
If any problems arise, a good source of assistance is the Information
Technology help line, on (303) 735-4357 (303-735-HELP)
3. Readings Available on
the University Library’s E-Reserve
The remainder of the readings
will be available on the University
Library’s E-Reserve system. All
readings that are not followed by
any URL are on E-Reserve. To get electronic copies from
E-Reserve, proceed as follows:
(1) Go to http://libraries.colorado.edu/search/p
(2) Enter the name “Tooley”
(3) Select the course Phil 1100 (The password for the course is
“phil”.)
(4) You will see a list of all of the readings that are available.
Topics and Required Readings
The topics to be covered in this
course, if time permits, along with the required readings, are given
below. You should
attempt to complete a significant part of the readings assigned for a
given topic before the first class in which that topic is
covered. (It’s not possible to specify dates in advance in a
course like this, so I’ll let you know when we are close to moving on
to the next topic.)
I. Introductory Material:
Critical Thinking, Meta-Ethics, Philosophy, and Religion
Tom Regan, section 1 of chapter 1 - "Introduction" - of Matters of Life
and Death, pages 1-2.
Tom Regan, "Meta-Ethics" - sections 2 through 6 of chapter 1 of Matters
of Life and Death, pages 3-12.
II. Classical Theories in
Normative Ethics
Tom Regan, "Normative Ethics" - sections 7 through 20 of chapter 1 of
Matters of Life and Death,
pages 12-29.
John Stuart Mill, Chapters 1 and 2 of Utilitarianism.
John Rawls, Sections 1 to 5 of Chapter 1, “Justice as Fairness”, of A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1971), pages 3-27.
Aristotle, selections from Books 1 and 2 of his Nicomachean Ethics.
Immanuel Kant, selections from Chapters 1 and 2 of the Foundations of
the Metaphysics of Morals.
Aristotle, selections from Books 1 and 2 of his Nicomachean Ethics.
III. Sexual Morality
Readings from the Bible: Exodus, chapters 20-23; Leviticus, chapters
18-20, Deuteronomy, chapters 21-22; 1 Samuel, chapter 15; Matthew,
chapter 5, verses 27-32; chapter 15, verses 19-20; chapter 19, verses
3-12; Mark, chapter 10, verses 2-12; Ephesians, chapter 5, verses
21-33; Romans, chapter 1, verses 18-32.
The Revised Standard Version of the Bible is available at
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/r/rsv/browse.html
The King James Version of the Bible is available at
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/k/kjv/browse.html
"The Vatican Declaration on Sexual Ethics" (1975)
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19751229_persona-humana_en.html
Also available, with added headings for sections, at
http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/VaticanDeclaration.html
Roger Scruton, "Sexual Morality", a selection from Sexual Desire (1986)
Alan H. Goldman, "Plain Sex", Philosophy
& Public Affairs 6/3
(1977): 267-87
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265133.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign into your VPN, and then paste in
this URL:
https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2265133
IV. Homosexuality
Michael Levin, "Why Homosexuality is Abnormal", The Monist 67 (1984):
251-283
http://www.philosophicalturn.net/CMI/homosexuality/Levin_Why_Homosexuality_Abnormal.pdf
Timothy F. Murphy, "Homosexuality and Nature: Happiness and the Law at
Stake", Journal of Applied Philosophy,
4/2 (1987): 195-204.
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1987.tb00216.x/pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1987.tb00216.x/,DanaInfo=onlinelibrary.wiley.com+pdf
“Homosexual behavior in animals”, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual_behavior_in_animals
“List of animals displaying homosexual behavior“, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_displaying_homosexual_behavior
V. Pornography
Walter Berns, "Beyond the (Garbage) Pale, or Democracy, Censorship and
the Arts", in Applying Ethics,
4th edition, pages 133-136.
Ann Garry, "Pornography and Respect for Women", in Applying Ethics, 4th
edition, pages 137-144.
Judge Jerome Frank, "Dissenting Opinion in United States v. Roth", in
Applying Ethics, 4th edition,
pages 145-154.
David A. J. Richards, "The Moral Theory of Free Speech and Obscenity
Law", in Applying Ethics, 4th
edition, pages 155-165.
VI. Prostitution
Lars O. Ericsson, “Charges Against Prostitution: An Attempt at a
Philosophical Assessment”, Ethics,
90/3 (1980): 335-366.
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2380575.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2380575.pdf
Carole Pateman, “Defending Prostitution: Charges Against Ericsson”,
Ethics, 93/3 (1983): 561-65.
Direct, On-Campus, Access:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2380632.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2380632.pdf
VII. Suicide and
Euthanasia
A. Suicide
Tom Beauchamp, "Suicide" - chapter 3 of Matters of Life and Death,
pages 69-120.
B. Euthanasia
J. Gay-Williams, "The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia", Intervention and
Reflection: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics, 5th ed., Ronald
Munson (ed.)
(Wadsworth, 1996), pp. 168-171.
http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil164/gay-williams.pdf
Richard Brandt, "A Moral Principle about Killing", in Marvin Kohl (ed.)
Beneficent Euthanasia
(Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1975)
http://rci.rutgers.edu/~tripmcc/phil/brandt-amoralprincipleaboutkilling.pdf
James Rachels, "Active and Passive Euthanasia", The New England Journal
of Medicine 292/2 (1975):78-80
http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Rachels_Euthanasia.pdf
James Rachels, "Euthanasia, Killing, and Letting Die", in John Ladd
(ed.) Ethical Issues Relating to
Life and Death, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1979), pp. 146-163.
Philippa Foot, "Euthanasia", Philosophy
& Public Affairs 6/2
(1977): 85-112
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2264937.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2264937.pdf
James Rachels, "Euthanasia" - chapter 2 of Matters of Life and Death,
pages 30-68.
VIII. The Moral Status of
Animals
Peter Singer, "All Animals Are Equal", a selection from “Animal
Liberation” (New York: New York Review,
1975): 1-23.
Alastair Norcross, “Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal
Cases,” Philosophical Perspectives,
18, 2004: 229-44.
http://faculty.smu.edu/jkazez/animal
rights/norcross-4.pdf
A Catholic Dictionary, "Animal Have No Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter
Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human
Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 132-3.
Tom Regan, "The Case for Animal Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer
(ed.) Animal Rights and Human
Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1976): 105-14
R. G. Frey, "The Case against Animal Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter
Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human
Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 115-18.
Alan White, "Why Animal Cannot Have Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter
Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human
Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 119-21.
James Rachels, "Why Animals Have a right to Liberty", in Tom Regan and
Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and
Human Obligations, (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 122-31.
IX. Human Cloning
Leon R. Kass, "The Wisdom of Repugnance’ “The Wisdom of Repugnance.”
New Republic Vol. 216 Issue 22
(June 2, 1997).
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/medical_ethics/me0006.html
Michael Tooley, "The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans," in
Biomedical Ethics Reviews: Human
Cloning, edited by James Humber and
Robert Almeder, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 1998, 65-101.
Paul Lauritzen, “Stem Cells, Biotechnology, and Human Rights:
Implications for a Posthuman Future”, in The Hastings Center Report, Vol.
35, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2005), pp. 25-33.
Direct, On-Campus, Access:
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hcr/summary/v035/35.2lauritzen.html
Available via VPN Access:
https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/journals/hastings_center_report/v035/,DanaInfo=muse.jhu.edu+35.2lauritzen.pdf
X. Abortion
Toby Ord, Toby, “The Scourge: The Moral Implications of Natural Embryo
Loss,” The American Journal of
Bioethics 8/7, 12-19.
http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/papers/scourge.pdf
Toby Ord, Toby, “Response to Open Peer Commentaries on ‘The Scourge:
Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss’”, The American Journal of Bioethics
8/7 W1–W3, 2008.
http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/papers/scourge-response.pdf
Don Marquis, “Why Abortion Is Immoral,” The Journal of Philosophy 86/4
(1989): 183-202.
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2026961.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2026961.pdf
Mary Anne Warren, "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion", The
Monist 57 (1973): 43-61.
http://
rci.rutgers.edu/~tripmcc/phil/warren-moralandlegalstatusofabortion.pdf
Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion", Philosophy & Public
Affairs 1/1 (1971): 47-66.
Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265091.pdf
Off-Campus, VPN Access. Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in
this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2265091.pdf
Michael Tooley, “Abortion: A Liberal View”, from Abortion: Three
Perspectives.
Course
Concerns and Plagiarism Policy
1. Concerns Regarding this
Course
If at any point during the
semester you have any concerns about the exercises, lectures,
discussions, or anything else in this course, please talk to me about
those matters.
If you still have concerns
after talking with me, or if you feel that the matter is one that you
need to discuss with a third party, you should contact either Professor
Wes Morriston, who is the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the
Philosophy Department (Wes.Morriston@Colorado.edu,
303-492-8297), Professor Graeme Forbes, who is the Head of the
Philosophy Department (Graeme.Forbes@Colorado.edu,
303-492-7120).
2. Course Plagiarism Policy
Each student is expected to
submit his or her own original work for each exercise, essay, and final
exam.
The use of essays and other
material downloaded from the Internet is obviously a serious case of
plagiarism. But, in general, any substantial use of material from
any source must be clearly acknowledged, and any ideas should be
expressed in one's own words.
A first violation of this
plagiarism policy, or the University Honor Code, or the Honor Code
pledge shown below will result in a grade of zero for the relevant
piece of work, and, in accordance with University requirements, will
have to be reported. In addition, if that first violation is
especially serious – such as the copying of a whole document – the
result will be a failing grade for the course as a whole.
A second violation will result
in a failing grade for the course as a whole.
Honor Code Pledge
“On my honor, as a University of Colorado at Boulder student,
I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this
work.”