Syllabus

Philosophy 1100 Honors

Introduction to Ethics

Section 880                                                                                                                     Professor Michael Tooley
TTh 9:30-10:45              
                                                                                                Hellems, Room 277
Hellems, Room 177                                                                                                        Office Hours:   MW 11:00-12:30

Course Readings

        I have become rather dissatisfied with ethics textbooks, which seem to me generally overpriced – something that may be due in part to the fact that publishers are constantly coming out with new editions. As a result, I am currently experimenting with the idea of using readings that are either available via the Internet or that I shall place on E-Reserve.  (I would very much appreciate your feedback, as the semester progresses, on how you find this alternative to the use of a textbook.)

Classes

        Once we get over the introductory, background material on philosophy and ethics, and the critical thinking material, our classes will be a combination of lectures and discussion.  It is very important that people come to class prepared to take part in those discussions.  This means that you  should do the readings in advance, and then think about the issues, so that when an opportunity arises in a lecture to set out your opinion on the issue in question, you are prepared to offer a thoughtful view, along with your reasons for thinking that your view is correct.

       Class discussions will sometimes incorporate a mini critical thinking session, in which we briefly discuss some controversial issue.  When this is the case, the topic to be discussed will be announced in the preceding lecture, and you should come to class prepared to advance a view on the issue, and a reason for your view.

Course Work

       Your grade in this course will be based upon seven exercises, two essay-writing exercises (each involving two parts), and a final examination.

Instructions Regarding Assignments

         Please note the following very important points:

(1) All assignments are to be downloaded from the Philosophy 1100 Honors website, which is http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/Philosophy1100Honors.html.

(2) You should download Exercise 1, read through, and bring it to class on Thursday, August 25, so that we can discuss any questions that you have about that first assignment.

(3) All assignments are to be handed in at the class on the due dates listed below.

(4) The policy concerning late assignments is set out below.

(5) Whenever you hand in an assignment, you should bring a downloaded copy of the next assignment to that class, since that is when the assignment will be explained and discussed.


The Web Site for Philosophy 1100 Honors

       My home page is  http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/.  Course materials can be accessed either from my home page, by clicking on the link “Current Courses”,  or directly, by going to the following, Philosophy 1100 Honors web site: http://spot.Colorado.EDU/~tooley/Philosophy1100Honors.html

        Those course materials include the following:  (1) the exercises, and essay assignments and instructions; (2) a course syllabus; (3) a course overview; (4) lecture material relevant to the exercises; (5) lecture notes on several topics; (6) a final examination handout; and (7) some additional readings for the course.

Contacting Me Concerning Urgent Matters

        People tend to rely rather heavily on e-mail.  This is not a good idea in my case, since I sometimes get absorbed in my research, and then I do not check my email on a regular basis.  In addition, many matters can be dealt with much more quickly and effectively by a conversation.  So please contact me by telephone, rather than by email, especially if it is a matter of some urgency.

        My home phone is (303) 541-0933, and you will almost always be able to reach me between the hours of 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and on weekends as well, and in the evenings on Tuesdays and Thursdays.


                                                                Exercises
Exercise 1:  The Infallibility of the Bible.   (5%)
  
Due date:  Thursday, September 1

Exercise 2:  Morality and the Bible.   (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, September 8

Exercise 3:  Jesus and Christianity.   (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, September 15

Exercise 4:  Validity.       (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, September 22

Exercise 5:  Inference-Indicators and the Logical Structure of Arguments.  (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, September 29

Exercise 6:  Analyzing a More Complex Argument.       (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, October 6

Exercise 7:  The Technique of Counterexamples.   (5%)

Due date:  Thursday, October 13


The Essay-Writing Exercises

First Essay:  An essay of four to five pages in length (or about 1000-1250 words), on a topic chosen from a list of topics.  Full instructions, including a list of topics, can be found on our class website at  http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/FirstEssayExercise.html  (20%)

Sub-assignments:

(a) Your basic thesis, your central supporting argument, and one important objection that you will address.  (5%)

Due date: Thursday, October 20

(b) The completed essay.  (15%)

Due date: Thursday, November 3

Second Essay:  An essay of four to five pages in length (or about 1000-1250 words), on a topic chosen from a list of topics.  Full instructions, for this second essay, including a list of topics in a variety of areas, can be found at  http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/SecondEssayExercise.html  (20%)

Sub-assignments:

(a) Your basic thesis, your central supporting argument, and one important objection that you will address.  (5%)

Due date: Thursday, November 10

(b) The completed essay.  (15%)

Due date: Thursday, December 1

Final Examination

        There will be a two and one-half hour, closed book examination on Wednesday, December 14th, 4:30 p.m. – 7:00 p.m. in Hellems 177 (25%)

Policy on Late Assignments

(1) If you are not going to be able to hand in an assignment by the due date, you need to contact me about this, either in person or by telephone, or by e-mail (Michael.Tooley@Colorado.edu),  so that I can determine whether there is an adequate reason for late submission. 

(2) This should be done no later than the time at which the assignment is due.

(3) If there is an adequate reason for late submission, supporting documentation – such as a medical note – will generally be needed, and it should be provided as soon as possible.

(4) If there is no adequate reason why you were unable to complete the assignment by class on the due date, the assignment may be handed in later, but it will receive only three-quarters credit.


Accessing the Readings

1.  Readings That Are Straightforwardly Available on the Internet

        Some of the readings are straightforwardly available on the Internet, rather than being on websites that are not open to the general public.  In the case of those readings, I have given the relevant URL for the website where you can read or download the article.

        In some cases, depending upon your Internet browser, pasting the link into your Internet browser, rather than simply clicking on the link, may be necessary, while in other cases where it is not necessary, pasting the link into your Internet browser may result in a faster download.

2.  Readings on “Protected” Websites

        At the moment, six of the readings are available online, but are on websites that are not open to the general public.  (It’s possible that I may add some others later.)  How you access those readings depends on whether you are on campus or off campus.

Access from On-Campus

        If you want to access the reading from an on-campus location, the website will recognize that you are attempting to access the article from the University of Colorado, and it will allow you to do so.  All that you need to do, then, in order to read or to download the essay in question, is to click on the relevant link that is given below for the article in question, or to paste that link into your browser.

Access from Off-Campus

        Accessing a reading on a protected website when you are not on campus is a slightly more complicated matter, but it will not involve more work once you have gotten things set up.  The basic point is that you have to access the article via a VPN connection, and that you will use a different URL once you have made the VPN connection.

        So what is a VPN connection?  VPN stands for Virtual Private Network.  As the University of Colorado’s Information Technology Services says, “A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides a secure encrypted tunnel from your computer to CU's network whether you are on campus or off. If you are using the client from off campus, it appears that your computer traffic is originating from the CU network thus allowing access to resources that require on-campus connections such as library resources.”

    The simplest way to get a VPN connection is via the VPN Web Interface method, which is as follows:

(1) Go to https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/  (If you have an Apple computer, it is best to use, say, Firefox, rather an Safari, since Safari causes problems with toe downloading of pdf copies of articles from the JSTOR website.)

(2) Log in with your University of Colorado IdentiKey.

(3) If you've never accessed the VPN web interface on the web browser you're using, you may be prompted to install a Juniper application. You may also be prompted to accept a certificate, both of which you should do.

(4) Once you have logged in, you can use the VPN Web Interface to take care of your business.

(5) To read or download any of the readings below that are listed as requiring a VPN connection:

(a) Log in to your VPN connection, and then

(b) Paste the URL address that is given for the reading in question, in the case of an off-campus, VPN connection, into your browser’s address window, and press “Return”.

(c) In some cases, a window will immediately open that will allow one to either open or save a pdf copy of the article.

(d) In other cases, you will be taken to an html page where you can read the article.

(e) In the latter case, if you want to download a pdf copy of the article, click “View PDF”.  This will open a window that allows you to open or download the article in PDF format.

(f) In opening or downloading the article, it is best to use Adobe Reader.  The default Apple program, Preview, often cuts off the first page of the article when it is being retrieved from the website JSTOR.  (If you do not have Adobe Reader, a free copy of it can be downloaded at http://get.adobe.com/reader/.)

    For more information about VPN, and other options for VPN access, go to the following Information Technology Services website:  http://www.colorado.edu/its/vpn/

        The upshot is that in the case of readings on protected websites, you will find two URLs below for each of those readings, one to be used for direct, on-campus access, and the other to be used for off-campus, VPN access.

If any problems arise, a good source of assistance is the Information Technology help line, on (303) 735-4357  (303-735-HELP)

3.  Readings Available on the University Library’s E-Reserve

        The remainder of the readings will be available on the University Library’s E-Reserve system.  All readings that are not followed by any URL are on E-Reserve.  To get electronic copies from E-Reserve, proceed as follows:

(1) Go to http://libraries.colorado.edu/search/p

(2) Enter the name “Tooley”

(3) Select the course Phil 1100  (The password for the course is “phil”.)

(4) You will see a list of all of the readings that are available.



Topics and Required Readings

        The topics to be covered in this course, if time permits, along with the required readings, are given below. You should attempt to complete a significant part of the readings assigned for a given topic before the first class in which that topic is covered.  (It’s not possible to specify dates in advance in a course like this, so I’ll let you know when we are close to moving on to the next topic.)

I.  Introductory Material:  Critical Thinking, Meta-Ethics, Philosophy, and Religion 
                              

Tom Regan, section 1 of chapter 1 - "Introduction" - of Matters of Life and Death, pages 1-2.

Tom Regan, "Meta-Ethics" - sections 2 through 6 of chapter 1 of Matters of Life and Death, pages 3-12.

II.  Classical Theories in Normative Ethics       

Tom Regan, "Normative Ethics" - sections 7 through 20 of chapter 1 of Matters of Life and Death, pages 12-29.

John Stuart Mill, Chapters 1 and 2 of Utilitarianism.

John Rawls, Sections 1 to 5 of Chapter 1, “Justice as Fairness”, of A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971), pages 3-27.

Aristotle, selections from Books 1 and 2 of his Nicomachean Ethics.

Immanuel Kant, selections from Chapters 1 and 2 of the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals.

Aristotle, selections from Books 1 and 2 of his Nicomachean Ethics.

III.  Sexual Morality                   

Readings from the Bible: Exodus, chapters 20-23; Leviticus, chapters 18-20, Deuteronomy, chapters 21-22; 1 Samuel, chapter 15; Matthew, chapter 5, verses 27-32; chapter 15, verses 19-20; chapter 19, verses 3-12; Mark, chapter 10, verses 2-12; Ephesians, chapter 5, verses 21-33; Romans, chapter 1, verses 18-32.

The Revised Standard Version of the Bible is available at
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/r/rsv/browse.html

The King James Version of the Bible is available at
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/k/kjv/browse.html

"The Vatican Declaration on Sexual Ethics" (1975)
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19751229_persona-humana_en.html

Also available, with added headings for sections, at
http://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/VaticanDeclaration.html

Roger Scruton, "Sexual Morality", a selection from Sexual Desire (1986)

Alan H. Goldman, "Plain Sex", Philosophy & Public Affairs 6/3 (1977): 267-87

Direct, On-Campus, Access: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265133.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign into your VPN, and then paste in this URL: 
https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2265133


IV.  Homosexuality                   

Michael Levin, "Why Homosexuality is Abnormal", The Monist 67 (1984): 251-283
http://www.philosophicalturn.net/CMI/homosexuality/Levin_Why_Homosexuality_Abnormal.pdf

Timothy F. Murphy, "Homosexuality and Nature: Happiness and the Law at Stake", Journal of Applied Philosophy, 4/2 (1987): 195-204.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1987.tb00216.x/pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1987.tb00216.x/,DanaInfo=onlinelibrary.wiley.com+pdf

“Homosexual behavior in animals”, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual_behavior_in_animals

“List of animals displaying homosexual behavior“, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_displaying_homosexual_behavior

V.  Pornography                       

Walter Berns, "Beyond the (Garbage) Pale, or Democracy, Censorship and the Arts", in Applying Ethics, 4th edition, pages 133-136.

Ann Garry, "Pornography and Respect for Women", in Applying Ethics, 4th edition, pages 137-144.

Judge Jerome Frank, "Dissenting Opinion in United States v. Roth", in Applying Ethics, 4th edition, pages 145-154.

David A. J. Richards, "The Moral Theory of Free Speech and Obscenity Law", in Applying Ethics, 4th edition, pages 155-165.

VI.  Prostitution                   

Lars O. Ericsson, “Charges Against Prostitution: An Attempt at a Philosophical Assessment”, Ethics, 90/3 (1980): 335-366.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:    http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2380575.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2380575.pdf

Carole Pateman, “Defending Prostitution: Charges Against Ericsson”, Ethics, 93/3 (1983): 561-65.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:    http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2380632.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2380632.pdf

VII.  Suicide and Euthanasia               

A.  Suicide


Tom Beauchamp, "Suicide" - chapter 3 of Matters of Life and Death, pages 69-120.

B.  Euthanasia                           

J. Gay-Williams, "The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia", Intervention and Reflection: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics, 5th ed., Ronald Munson (ed.) (Wadsworth, 1996), pp. 168-171.
http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil164/gay-williams.pdf

Richard Brandt, "A Moral Principle about Killing", in Marvin Kohl (ed.) Beneficent Euthanasia (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1975)
http://rci.rutgers.edu/~tripmcc/phil/brandt-amoralprincipleaboutkilling.pdf

James Rachels, "Active and Passive Euthanasia", The New England Journal of Medicine 292/2 (1975):78-80
http://people.brandeis.edu/~teuber/Rachels_Euthanasia.pdf

James Rachels, "Euthanasia, Killing, and Letting Die", in John Ladd (ed.) Ethical Issues Relating to Life and Death, New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 146-163.

Philippa Foot, "Euthanasia", Philosophy & Public Affairs 6/2 (1977): 85-112

Direct, On-Campus, Access:  http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2264937.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2264937.pdf

James Rachels, "Euthanasia" - chapter 2 of Matters of Life and Death, pages 30-68.

VIII.  The Moral Status of Animals           

Peter Singer, "All Animals Are Equal", a selection from “Animal Liberation” (New York: New York Review, 1975): 1-23.

Alastair Norcross, “Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases,” Philosophical Perspectives, 18, 2004: 229-44.
http://faculty.smu.edu/jkazez/animal rights/norcross-4.pdf

A Catholic Dictionary, "Animal Have No Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 132-3.

Tom Regan, "The Case for Animal Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 105-14

R. G. Frey, "The Case against Animal Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 115-18.

Alan White, "Why Animal Cannot Have Rights", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 119-21.

James Rachels, "Why Animals Have a right to Liberty", in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (ed.) Animal Rights and Human Obligations, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976): 122-31.

IX.  Human Cloning                       

Leon R. Kass, "The Wisdom of Repugnance’ “The Wisdom of Repugnance.” New Republic Vol. 216 Issue 22 (June 2, 1997).
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/medical_ethics/me0006.html

Michael Tooley, "The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans," in Biomedical Ethics Reviews: Human Cloning, edited by James Humber and Robert Almeder, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 1998, 65-101.

Paul Lauritzen, “Stem Cells, Biotechnology, and Human Rights: Implications for a Posthuman Future”, in The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2005), pp. 25-33.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hcr/summary/v035/35.2lauritzen.html

Available via VPN Access:
https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/journals/hastings_center_report/v035/,DanaInfo=muse.jhu.edu+35.2lauritzen.pdf


X.  Abortion                       

Toby Ord, Toby, “The Scourge: The Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss,” The American Journal of Bioethics 8/7, 12-19.

http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/papers/scourge.pdf

Toby Ord, Toby, “Response to Open Peer Commentaries on ‘The Scourge: Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss’”, The American Journal of Bioethics 8/7 W1–W3, 2008.

http://www.amirrorclear.net/academic/papers/scourge-response.pdf

Don Marquis, “Why Abortion Is Immoral,” The Journal of Philosophy 86/4 (1989): 183-202.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:   http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2026961.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2026961.pdf

Mary Anne Warren, "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion", The Monist 57 (1973): 43-61.
http:// rci.rutgers.edu/~tripmcc/phil/warren-moralandlegalstatusofabortion.pdf

Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion", Philosophy & Public Affairs 1/1 (1971): 47-66.

Direct, On-Campus, Access:  http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2265091.pdf

Off-Campus, VPN Access.  Sign in to your VPN, and then paste in this URL: https://cuvpn.colorado.edu/stable/,DanaInfo=www.jstor.org+2265091.pdf

Michael Tooley, “Abortion: A Liberal View”, from Abortion: Three Perspectives.


Course Concerns and Plagiarism Policy

1.  Concerns Regarding this Course

        If at any point during the semester you have any concerns about the exercises, lectures, discussions, or anything else in this course, please talk to me about those matters.

        If you still have concerns after talking with me, or if you feel that the matter is one that you need to discuss with a third party, you should contact either Professor Wes Morriston, who is the Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Philosophy Department (Wes.Morriston@Colorado.edu, 303-492-8297), Professor Graeme Forbes, who is the Head of the Philosophy Department (Graeme.Forbes@Colorado.edu, 303-492-7120).

2.  Course Plagiarism Policy

        Each student is expected to submit his or her own original work for each exercise, essay, and final exam.

        The use of essays and other material downloaded from the Internet is obviously a serious case of plagiarism.  But, in general, any substantial use of material from any source must be clearly acknowledged, and any ideas should be expressed in one's own words.

        A first violation of this plagiarism policy, or the University Honor Code, or the Honor Code pledge shown below will result in a grade of zero for the relevant piece of work, and, in accordance with University requirements, will have to be reported.  In addition, if that first violation is especially serious – such as the copying of a whole document – the result will be a failing grade for the course as a whole.

        A second violation will result in a failing grade for the course as a whole.

        Honor Code Pledge

“On my honor, as a University of Colorado at Boulder  student, I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.”