“The Second Generation Philosophers and Implications for Science,” delivered at  National Meeting of the American
  Association for Laboratory Animal Science,  Minneaoplis,  November, 1996.

  The “first wave” of philosophical literature on animals, in the 1970s and early 80s, mirrored the dominant debate among
  moral philosophers generally, pitting consequentialists (e.g. Singer) against deontologists (e.g. Regan).  This paper presents an
  overview of the more recent literature on animals, including contractarian, virtue-based, and sociobiological approaches, with
  an emphasis on implications for the ethics of animal experimentation.