To study for Exam #2, write out answers the following questions.  Be sure to answer the questions completely -- don't assume that the reader knows anything about the topic; don't assume that the reader already knows the details of the stories that are used in the arguments.  Answer these questions so that a friend of yours -- who knows nothing about philosophical ethics -- would go away knowing the answers to these questions.

1. (a) State and explain our formulation of utilitarianism (AUh).  Be sure to explain the meaning of the technical terms in the theory.  Explain the main idea of the theory in your own words (as if you were trying to explain the theory to a friend without using any of the technical terminology).
    (b) Discuss one or two of the attractive features of utilitarianism.
    (c) Prove that AUh is not equivalent to AUx.  (What we called 'AUx' Feldman calls 'U9'.)
    (d) Why is AUh a better formulation of utilitarianism that AUx?

2. Does AUh imply that we are always obligated to calculate the utilities of each of our alternatives before acting?  Explain your answer.

3. (a) Present one of the objections against AUh having to do with promises (either Feldman's or Ross').
    (b) Give the rationale for each premise of the argument.
    (c) Evaluate this argument.  (That is, say what you think about it.  Is it sound?  If not, which premise do you disagree with, and why?)

4. (a) Present the Punish-the-Innocent Objection againt AUh.
    (b) Give the rationale for each premise of the argument.
    (c) Evaluate this argument.

5. (a) Present KCI (Kant's Categorical Imperative).  Be sure to explain the meaning of the technical terms in the theory.  Explain the main idea of the theory in your own words.
    (b) Describe a case in which KCI seems to yield a more plausible result than AUh (e.g., the anthrax tax case).  Be sure to make it clear, for each theory, why it has the implication that it does for this case.

6. (a) Present the argument against KCI that we discussed in class.
    (b) Give the rationale for each premise of the argument.
    (c) Evaluate this argument.