CURRICULUM VITA

RODGER KRAM

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

Associate Professor, University of Colorado, Boulder. Integrative Physiology Dept., 2000-present.

Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley. Integrative Biology Dept., 1995-2000.

Post-Doctoral Researcher, University of California, Berkeley. Integrative Biology Dept., 1992-1995.

Lecturer, Harvard University. Biology Dept., 1991.

EDUCATION

Harvard University, A.M., Ph.D. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 1991

Harvard University, M.S. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 1988

The Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Biomechanics, 1985

Northwestern University, B.A. Biology, 1983

RESEARCH GRANT

National Institutes of Health, R-29 FIRST Award Grant. "Biomechanical Basis for the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion", July 1998 - June 2003.

AD HOC GRANT REVIEWER

NIH, NSF, NSERC.

JOURNAL REFEREE

American Journal of Primatology, American Journal Physical Anthropology, American Zoologist, Journal of Applied Physiology, Journal of Biomechanics, Journal of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal of Morphology, Journal of Physiology, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Exercise and Sports Science Reviews, Physiological Zoology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Science, Editorial Board Member: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Assistant Editor: Exercise and Sports Science Reviews.

PUBLICATIONS

T.M. Griffin, T.J. Roberts and R. Kram. Metabolic cost of generating muscular force in human walking: insights from load-carrying and speed experiments. J. Applied Physiology. 95:172-183, 2003.

J.S. Gottschall and R. Kram. Energy cost and muscular activity required for propulsion during walking. J. Applied Physiology, 94:1766-1772, 2003.

J.R. Hutchinson, D. Famini, R. Lair, R. Kram. Are fast-moving elephants really running? Nature 422:493-494, 2003.

J.M. Donelan, R. Kram, and A.D. Kuo. Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of walking. J. Experimental Biology. 205:3717-3727, 2002.

J.M. Donelan, R. Kram, and A.D. Kuo. Simultaneous positive and negative external mechanical work in human walking. J. Biomechanics. 35:117-124, 2002.

J.M. Donelan, R. Kram and A.D. Kuo. Mechanical and metabolic determinants of the preferred step width in human walking. Proc. Royal Society London B. 268:1985-1992, 2001.

Y.-H. Chang, C. M. Hamerski and R. Kram. Applied horizontal force increases impact loading in reduced gravity running. J. Biomechanics. 34:679-685, 2001.

T.M. Griffin and R. Kram. Mechanics of penguin walking: waddling work does not explain expensive locomotion. Nature. 408:929, 2000.

J.M. Donelan and R. Kram. Exploring dynamic similarity in human running using simulated reduced gravity. J. Experimental Biology. 203:2405-2415, 2000.

R. Kram. Muscular force or work: what determines the metabolic cost of running? Exercise and Sports Science Reviews. 28:138-143, 2000.

M.H. Dickinson, C.T. Farley, R.J. Full, M.A.R. Koehl, R. Kram and S. Lehman. How animals move: an integrative view. Science. 288:100-106, 2000.

Chang, Y.-H., Huang, H.-W. C., Hamerski, C. M. and Kram, R. The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics. J. Experimental Biology. 203:229-238, 2000.

Y.H. Chang and R. Kram. Metabolic cost of generating horizontal forces during human running. J. Applied Physiology. 86:1657-1662, 1999.

T.M. Griffin, N.A. Tolani and R. Kram. Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange. J. Applied Physiology. 86:383-390, 1999.

T.J. Roberts, R. Kram, P.G. Weyand and C.R. Taylor. Energetics of bipedal running I. Metabolic cost of generating force. J. Experimental Biology. 201:2745-2751, 1998.

R. Kram and T.J. Dawson. Energetics and biomechanics of locomotion by red kangaroos (Macropus rufus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 120:41-49, 1998.

R. Kram, T.M. Griffin, J.M. Donelan, Y.H. Chang. Force-treadmill for measuring vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces. J. Applied Physiology. 85:764-769, 1998.

J.M. Donelan and R. Kram. The effects of size, speed and gravity on the kinematics of human walking; a test of the dynamic similarity hypothesis. J. Experimental Biology. 200:3193-3201, 1997.

R. Kram. Are efficiency and the cost of generating force both relevant concepts? J. Applied Biomechanics. 13:460-463, 1997.

R. Kram, R.J. Full and B. Wong. 3-d kinematics and internal mechanical energies of running cockroaches, (Blaberus discoidalis). J. Experimental Biology. 200:1919-1929, 1997.

R. Kram, A. Domingo and D.P. Ferris. Effect of reduced gravity on the preferred walk-run transition speed. J. Experimental Biology. 200:821-826, 1997.

R. Kram. Inexpensive load carrying by rhinoceros beetles. J. Experimental Biology. 199:609-612,1996.

S.L. Lehman, R. Kram and C.T. Farley. Locomotion and muscle biomechanics. In: Introduction to Bioengineering. Oxford Univ. Press, 1996.

K.M. Baldwin, T.P. White, S.B. Arnaud, V.R. Edgerton, W.J. Kraemer, R. Kram, D. Raab-Cullen and C.M. Snow. Musculoskeletal adaptations to weightlessness and development of effective countermeasures. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise. 28:1247-1253, 1996.

V.A. Langman, T.J. Roberts, J. Black, G.M.O. Maloiy, N.C. Heglund, J.-M. Weber, R. Kram and C.R. Taylor. Moving cheaply: energetics of walking in the African elephant. J. Experimental Biology. 198: 629-632, 1995.

R. Kram. Carrying loads with springy poles. J. Applied Physiology. 72:1119-1122, 1991.

J. He, R. Kram and T. A. McMahon. The mechanics of running under simulated low gravity. J. Applied Physiology. 71: 863-867, 1991.

R. Kram and C.R. Taylor. Energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature. 346:265-267, 1990.

P.R. Cavanagh and R. Kram. Stride length in distance running: velocity, body dimensions and added mass effects. In: Biomechanics of distance running. Human Kinetics Books, 1990.

R. Kram and A.J. Powell. A treadmill-mounted force platform. J. Applied Physiology. 67:1692-1698, 1989.

P.R. Cavanagh and R. Kram. Stride length in distance running: velocity, body dimensions, and added mass. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 21:467-479, 1989.

R. Kram. Comment on 'on the relation between joint moments and pedaling rates'. J. Biomechanics. 20:554, 1987.

R. Kram. Interaction of ventilatory movements with distance running biomechanics. M.S. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 1986. Published by Microform Publications, Univ. of Oregon 1989 (microfiche).

P.R. Cavanagh, and R. Kram. The efficiency of human movement - a statement of the problem. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 17:304-308, 1985.

P.R. Cavanagh and R. Kram. Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 17:326-331, 1985.

P.R. Cavanagh, G.C. Andrew, R. Kram, M.M. Rodgers, D.J. Sanderson, & E.M. Hennig. An approach to biomechanical profiling of elite distance runners. International J. Sports Biomechanics. 1:36-62, 1985.

RECENT INVITED LECTURES

Northeastern University, Biology Dept. 2004.

Free University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, 2003.

World Congress of Biomechanics, Symposium on Locomotion Energetics, 2002.

RECENT CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

Hutchinson, J.R., J.M. Donelan, G.E. Erikson, K.A. Vliet, D. Kledzik and R. Kram. The biomechanics of bounding crocodiles. Society of Comparative and Integrative Biology, 2004.

Zani, P.A., J.S. Gottschall, A.A. LaFave and R. Kram. The biomechanics of giant-tortoise locoomotion: walking without an inverted pendulum. Society of Comparative and Integrative Biology, 2004.

Gottschall, J.S. and R. Kram. Mechanical energy fluctuations during downhill and uphill walking. American Society of Biomechanics, 2003.

Gottschall, J.S. and R. Kram. Mechanical Energy Fluctuations During Downhill and Uphill Running: Reduced role of elastic energy exchange. International Society of Biomechanics, 2003.

Gottschall, J.S. and R. Kram. Ground reaction forces during downhill and uphill running. International Society of Biomechanics, 2003.

T.M. Griffin, T.J. Roberts and R. Kram. Metabolic cost of generating muscular force in human walking: Insights from load-carrying and speed experiments. Experimental Biology, 2003.

J.M. Donelan, S. Rodoreda, A. Grabowski, R. Kram, T.J. Dawson. Metabolic energetics and biomechanics of pentapedal walking in red kangaroos. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2003.

Gottschall, J.S. and R. Kram. Energy cost and muscle activity required for propulsion during walking. World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002.

R. Kram. Mechanical determinants of the metabolic cost of walking:work, force and swing.World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002.

Shipman, D., J.M. Donelan, R. Kram, and A.D. Kuo. Metabolic cost of lateral leg swing in human walking. World Congress of Biomechanics, 2002.

Chang, Y.-H., K. Campbell and R. Kram. Running speed on curved paths is limited by inside leg. American Society of Biomechanics, 2001.

J.M. Donelan, R. Kram and A.D. Kuo. Mechanical and metabolic costs as a function of step length in human walking. American Society of Biomechanics, 2001.

D.W. Shipman, J.M. Donelan, R. Kram and A.D. Kuo. External lateral stabilization reduces metabolic cost of walking. American Society of Biomechanics, 2001.

T.M. Griffin, S. Garcia, S. Wickler, D. Hoyt and R. Kram. Determinants of the walk-trot transition and preferred walking speeds: Insights from intra-specific size comparisons of horses.

Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2001.

RESEARCH STUDENTS

Post-Doctoral Fellow: Peter Zani, Ph.D.

Graduated Doctoral Students: Young-Hui Chang, Ph.D., J. Maxwell Donelan, Ph.D., Timothy M. Griffin, Ph.D.

Current Doctoral Students: Jinger Gottschall.

Graduated M.S. Students: J. Maxwell Donelan, Jesse Modica, Jamie Murray, Ryan Meardon

Current M.S. Students: Jason Pahl, Ray Browning, Alena Grabowski

Undergraduate Students: Whitney Kastelic`, Aimee LaFave`, Jesse Modica`, Jennifer Hageman`, Amy Sundstrom*, Gina Reggiardo, Lanny Rudner, Diana Chai, Bev Go, Cathy Huang*#, Chris Hamerski*#, Kelly Campbell^, Dan Famini*, Halima Sheppard, Farzad Nejat, Jae Park, Heidi Kim, Katherine Chu, Amy Fong, Smita Pathak, Jamie Stern, Stacey Frankovic, Sandra Lin, Neil A. Tolani*#+, Sabrina Selim, Antoinette Domingo*, Brian Letson, Nazanine Matin, Romulo Broas, Bruce Canon, Jennifer Scalf, George Chen, Nilesh Patel, Raul Trejo, Angela Yamauchi, Ben Wong, Andrew Powell.

` awarded Univ. of Colorado UROP Stipend, * awarded Berkeley Biology Fellows Program Stipend , # awarded Berkeley Undergraduate Research Apprenticeship Stipend, + awarded Berkeley Hass Scholar Stipend, ^ awarded McNair Scholar's Program Stipend, bold indicates undergraduate co-author on peer reviewed journal article(s)