Here are some Frequently Asked Questions concerning your
papers. Part of the reason these questions are frequently asked
is that different teachers have very different attitudes on many
of these issues. Do not assume that others share my view.
- Can I use the first person singular in my paper (I, me,
etc.)? Yes, I do it all the time in my papers.
- How should I make citations to the works I'm talking about?
What's important is that you give me the page # you're
referring to or quoting from. (In the case of Plato, give me the
marginal number. In the case of Augustine, give me
book.chapter.section.) You can put this right in the main text,
in parentheses, or you can use endnotes or footnotes.
- Do I have to have a bibliography? No. You definitely
should give me the complete references for any sources you've
found on your own. Also, just to get in the habit of being
professional, you might want to give me the complete references
even for the works we've used in class. But you don't have to put
this information in the form of a bibliography. It could instead
be included in footnotes or endnotes. What a complete reference
includes will depend on what you're citing (a book, a journal,
etc.). Different people give complete references in different
ways, and I'm not at all picky about the details. Just look at
how some other reputable work does it, and follow its lead.
- What sorts of fonts and margins should I use? This doesn't
really matter, within reason. But do double-space your paper, so
I have room to write comments between lines. Also, number your
pages. And don't waste a lot of time trying to make a three-page
paper look like a five-page paper, by adjusting margins, fonts,
etc. You're not the first to try this trick, and it doesn't work.
(If anything, it creates a bad impression.) For the record, I
think of one page as the equivalent of 250 words.
- What if I can't make the paper as long as it should be?
You'll know you've really begun to understand philosophy (and
academics in general) when you begin to have the opposite
problem: not being able to fit everything you need to say within
the page limits. But it's perfectly normal, especially in a
philosophy class, to think that you don't have much to say,
certainly not more than a couple of pages worth. It's not a
disaster if your paper's a little short. But that's a sign,
usually, that you're not considering all sides of the question.
So use your imagination, and consider what someone would say
who's taking the opposite point of view from you. Imagine the
possible objections. Write those objections down in your paper.
Then answer those objections. Now you're on track toward a really
good paper.
- What if my paper is too long? It's no big deal if your
paper is a little too long. I won't stop reading it! But don't be
obnoxious about this. If I say I want eight pages, I won't look
favorably on sixteen, no matter how brilliant they are,
especially when I've been grading papers for six hours straight.
Write the eight, then come tell me about the eight more you could
have written. I'll be glad to hear about it.