Microbiology, Exam 2 practice Questions

1. If an organism gets all of its energy from a compound such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), it is most likely a
a. photoheterotroph
b. chemoheterotroph
c. photoautotroph
d. chemoautotroph

2. In the organism described in the previous question, what would be the waste products of its catabolic reactions?
a. CO2 and H2O
b. H2SO4
c. O2 and H2SO4
d. organic fermentation products

3. As a microorganism of a given shape increases in size its surface area grows much more __________ than does its volume.
a. quickly
b. slowly

4. Group translocation involves
a. simultaneous transport of Na+ and a sugar
b. phosphorylation during transport
c. diffusion that utilizes a specific permease
d. movement of a proton and a sodium ion through a symporter

5. Biomagnification is most likely to occur with chemicals that are
a. highly chlorinated, very water soluble and recalcitrant
b. highly chlorinated, sparingly soluble and biodegradable
c. highly chlorinated, sparingly soluble and recalcitrant

6. Which of the following are involved in protecting nitrogenase from oxygen?
a. pili and heterocysts
b. leghemoglobin and pili
c. a thick peptidoglycan layer and pili
d. leghemoglobin and heterocysts
e. all of the above

7. Trickling filter secondary sewage treatment and a vinegar bioreactor that sprays wine over wood chips are both examples of
a. batch processes
b. continuous flow processes

8. Most fermentations lead to ATP production via
a. oxidative phosphorylation
b. substrate-level phosphorylation
c. ATPases

9. In the chloroplasts of plants (and in the Cyanobacteria) the e- donor for photosynthesis is H2O but in bacteria it can be
a. H2S, H2, and H2O
b. Fe2+, glucose, and H2O
c. CO2, H2, and H2O

10. In the reaction shown below B is more ______ and A is more ______ on the left hand side of the equation. AH2 + B -----> A + H2B
a. reduced / oxidized
b. oxidized / reduced
c. oxidized / oxidized
d. reduced / reduced

14. Most secondary metabolites are produced during the
a. idiophase (= growth phase)
b. trophophase (= stationary phase)
c. idiophase (= stationary phase)
d. trophophase (= growth phase)

15. The malo-lactic fermentation is responsible for
a. increasing the alcohol content of wine
b. decreasing the acidity of wine
c. adding more malic acid to wine
d. all of the above

16. In chemoheterotrophs, anabolic reactions depend on catabolic reactions for
a. glucose molecules from which all else can be built
b. CO2 and ATP from which all else can be built
c. NADH and ATP
d. all of the above

17. In the cheese making process, curds are produced due to the action of
a. acid proteases and lactic acid
b. whey and acetic acid
c. rennin and polychlorinated biphenyls
d. rennin and Penicillium camemberti

18. A successful mating between an F+ and an F- bacterium
a. requires the presence an Hfr cell
b. does not result in the transfer of genetic information
c. converts the F- strain to an F+
d. all of the above

19. In bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida catabolic pathways for the breakdown of compounds like benzene and naphthalene are usually
a. plasmid encoded and use enzymes that are used nowhere else in metabolism
b. plasmid encoded and use many enzymes common to other catabolic pathways
c. plasmid encoded and the same as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism
d. not plasmid encoded and use enzymes that are used nowhere else in metabolism

20. Pseudomonas putida uses the above pathway to produce pyruvate, acetylaldehyde and NADH from naphthalene. The reducing power of NADH can then be used to generate ATP and to build cellular materials using compounds like pyruvate. Therefore, P. putida is a
a. photoheterotroph
b. chemoheterotroph
c. photoautotroph
d. chemoautotroph

21. Which of the following is a gram +, photoheterotroph that is most closely related to the genus Clostridium?
a. Halobacterium
b. Heliobacterium
c. Rhodobacter
d. Bacillus

22. Which of the following can photosynthesize without using an e- transport chain?
a. Halobacterium
b. Heliobacterium
c. Rhodobacter
d. Beggiatoa
e. Bacillus

23. Plasmids do NOT usually contain genes that encode for
a. antibiotic resistance
b. special metabolic properties
c. ribosome synthesis
d. toxin production
e. capsule formation

Pick the organism that would be favored by the described conditions
A. A poorly maintained indoor hottub (water, no chlorine, low salinity, flakes of skin, usually no light, temperature = 40 deg C, pH = 7):

photoautotroph or chemoheterotroph

C. A deep puncture wound (water, copious organic C, temperature = 37 deg C, pH = 7):

Clostridium tetani or Pseudomonas aeruginosa

D. An underground aquifer contaminated by excessive use of synthetic fertilizers (no light, copious NO3-, some organic C, temperature = 15 deg C, pH = 6)

a denitrifier or a nitrifier

31. Draw a simple diagram showing how E. coli makes ATP via

1) aerobic respiration, and 2) anaerobic respiration. (8 pts)

32. Fill in the blanks on the N-cycle (12 pts)