Microbiology, old exam 1 questions

Some sample exam questions - note that there will be more short answer questions on this year's exams...Also, please don't ask me for the answers to these questions, finding the answers is up to you!!

1. Proof that a microorganism could cause a disease was provided by
a. Pasteur
b. Lister
c. Koch
d. Wasserman
e. Redi

4. Which traits do chitin and peptidoglycan share?
a. They are polysaccharides
b. They contain nitrogen as part of their molecular structure
c. They have Beta 1-4 linkages
d. They contain N-acetylglucosamine
e. all of the above
f. a and c
g. a, b and c

2. Which of the following do not occur in prokaryotes?
a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
c. internal membranes
d. all of the above

6. Bacterial flagella cause bacteria to move by
a. whipping
b. vibrating
c. rotating
d. waving

10. The production of earth's ozone shield about 2 billion years ago was due to reactions carried out by:
a. algae
b. green plants
c. photosynthetic fungi
d. photosynthetic bacteria

12. Teichoic acids are polymers found in the cell walls of
a. Gram negative Eubacteria
b. Gram negative Archaea
c. Gram positive Archaea
d. Gram positive Eubacteria
e. c and d

14. In Archaeal membranes, isoprenoid units are attached to glycerol by:
a. ether linkages
b. ester linkages
c. peptide bonds
d. either a or b

15. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. Hooke - compound microscope
b. Leeuwenhoek - maggots on meat
c. Pasteur - studied the microbiology of wine
d. Tyndall - Tyndallization

16. The difference in Gram staining between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is based on differences in
a. types of membrane lipids
b. stain chemistry
c. cell wall and outer membrane structure
d. stain attachment site

21. Besides being used as an intoxicant, beer and wine were historically (and prehistorically) viewed as a means of
a. repelling insects and bears
b. making paint
c. storing food

22. Cows and other ruminants get most carbon compounds they need for growth from
a. aerobic bacterial respiration products
b. anaerobic bacterial respiration products
c. methanogenic fermentations
d. bacterial fermentation products
e. b, c, and d

23. Which pair is most closely related in a phylogenetic sense?
a. Clostridium/Pseudomonas
b. fungi/mitochondria
c. Archaebacteria/humans
d. cyanobacteria/chloroplasts

24. Bacterial flagella are
a. composed of microtubules hooked to flagellin
b. floppy structure made of flagellin
c. semi-rigid structures made of flagellin

26. Which of the following is one of Koch's postulates?
a. The presence of bacteria always indicates disease is present.
b. The suspected microorganism must always be present in a diseased animal.
c. The microorganism must always kill the animal
d. The microorganism must be re-inoculated into another species of animal and cause the same disease
e. all of the above

28. Which of the following is a characteristic of both Archaea and eucaryotes?
a. a cell nucleus
b. neither have cell walls
c. ester-linked membrane lipids
d. none of the above

29. The genus Streptococcus belongs to the ___ G+C group of the Gram ______ bacteria.
a. high / positive
b. low / negative
c. high / negative
d. low / positive

30. The hydrophilic portion of Eubacterial membranes consists of
a. fatty acids
b. isoprenoid tails
c. phosphate groups
d. glycerol

31. In a heterofermentative lactic acid production
a. 2 lactic acids are produced for every glucose that is fermented
b. 3 lactic acids are produced for every glucose that is fermented
c. 1 acetic acid, 1 ethanol and 1 carbon dioxide are produced for every glucose that is fermented
d. 1 lactic acid, 1 ethanol and 1 carbon dioxide are produced for every glucose that is fermented
e. c or d

32. In the Basidiomycetes, production of a mushroom is preceded by
a. mating of 2 haploid hyphae of opposite mating type
b. mating of 2 haploid hyphae of the same mating type
c. mating of 2 diploid hyphae of opposite mating type
d. mating of 2 diploid hyphae of the same mating type

33. Rhizobium is a
a. N2-fixing, Gram +, Proteobacterium
b. species of Gram - bacteria that is anaerobic and causes a plant disease
c. N2-fixing, Gram -, Archaebacterium
d. N2-fixing, Gram -, Proteobacterium

35. Which pair is most closely related in a phylogenetic sense?
a. animals and flagellated protozoa
b. animals and slime molds
c. animals and Diplomonads
d. animals and fungi

36. The proton gradient across bacterial membranes is involved in
a. generation of ATP in the presence of an external electron acceptor
b. active transport of some ions
c. rotation of bacterial flagella
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

37. Which of the following processes occur only in procaryotes?
a. chemoheterotrophy
b. photoautotrophy
c. photoheterotrophy
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

38. The genus Propionibacterium belongs to the ___ G+C group of the Gram __ bacteria.
a. high / positive
b. low / negative
c. high / negative
d. low / positive

39. Endospores are very resistant to environmental extremes because they
a. have a thick outer membrane
b. have many layers of thick peptidoglycan
c. have many protein layers
d. all of the above

43. A phylogenetic system of classifying organisms is also called a natural system and reflects
a. evolutionary relationships between organisms
b. structural and morphological similarities between organisms
c. the biases and preconceptions of individual scientists
d. all of the above

44. Penicillin
a. breaks Beta 1-4 linkages between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
b. prevents linkage of N-acetylmuramic acids
c. attacks the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria
d. affects only non-growing cells

47. Which of the following is Gram positive?
a. Pseudomonas
b. Salmonella
c. Bacillus
d. Escherichia
e. Rhizobium

49. The oldest known fossils are about ______ years old.
a. two million
b. 3.5 billion
c. 4 million
d. 5 billion

Fill in the following table.
______________________________________________________________________________

Fungal group / sexual spore / hyphal type / example

______________________________________________________________________________

Ascomycetes / ____________ / septate / Morel

Zygomycetes / zygospore / ____________ / ___________

______________________________________________________________________________

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