Microbiology Final Exam
EPOB 3400

1. Which of the following groups include species that can fix nitrogen?
A. Archaebacteria
B. Proteobacteria (the "purple bacteria")
C. Gram positive bacteria
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

2. Nitrosomonas is responsible for the conversion of NH3 to NO2- in many ecosystems. This organism is a ________ that uses ___ as a carbon source and ___ as it source of energy.
A. chemoheterotroph/CO2/NO2-
B. chemoheterotroph/glucose/NH3
C. chemoautotroph/CO2/NO2-
D. chemoautotroph/CO2/NH3
E. chemoautotroph/glucose/NH3

3. Heterocysts are specialized cells that carry out _____ in species of _______.
A. nitrification/algae
B. nitrogen fixation/fungi
C. denitrification/cyanobacteria
D. nitrogen fixation/cyanobacteria
E. all of the above

4. Frankia is a nitrogen fixing bacterium that forms nodules on Alnus and other trees and is in the ___ of the ____.
A. chemoheterotroph/CO2/NO2-
B. chemoheterotroph/glucose/NH3
C. chemoautotroph/CO2/NO2-
D. chemoautotroph/CO2/NH3
E. chemoautotroph/glucose/NH3

5. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is due at least partially to which of the following?
A. the overuse of antibiotics in animal feeds
B. the use of mercury in fillings
C. the overuse of antibiotics in hospitals
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

13. Which of the following do not occur in procaryotes?
a. ribosomes
b. chloroplasts
c. internal membranes
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

14. The ability to obtain carbon for growth from organic compounds defines a
microorganism as a(n):
a. phototroph
b. heterotroph
c. autotroph
d. chemotroph

15. A bacterium with flagella coming out of one end is
a. monotrichous
b. polar
c. peritrichous
d. circumpolar

16. Bacterial flagella cause bacteria to move by
a. whipping
b. vibrating
c. rotating
d. waving

17. The production of earth's ozone shield about 2 billion years ago was due to reactions carried out by:
a. algae
b. green plants
c. photosynthetic fungi
d. photosynthetic bacteria

18. Beggiatoa uses _______ as an energy source and _______ as a carbon source.
a. H2S, CO2
b. SO4, glucose
c. CO2, H2S
d. glucose, glucose

19. In eubacterial membranes, fatty acids are attached to glycerol by:
a. ether linkages
b. ester linkages
c. peptide bonds
d. either a or b

26. The presence of a high density of methanogens in a persons large intestine should cause
A. high volumes of stinky flatulence
B. low volumes of stinky flatulence
C. high volumes of not-so-stinky flatulence

27. Ectomycorrhizae are classified in the ___ or the ____ .
A. Ascomycetes / Basidiomycetes
B. Ascomycetes / Zygomycetes
C. Zygomycetes / Basidiomycetes
D. Ascomycetes / Deuteromycetes
E. Deuteromycetes / Basidiomycetes

29. In a phylogenetic sense, the genus Salmonella is most closely related to
A. Mycobacterium
B. Clostridium
C. Gram negative soil bacteria like Streptomyces
D. E. coli
E. Gram positive enteric eubacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus

30. HIV undergoes a latent (provirus) stage after the ____ from the virus is converted to _____ (by the enzyme reverse _____) which is then incorporated into the ____ of the helper T cell.
A. RNA/DNA/transcriptase/RNA
B. DNA/RNA/translationase/DNA
C. RNA/DNA/translationase/DNA
D. RNA/RNA/transcriptase/DNA
E. RNA/DNA/transcriptase/DNA

32. In a phylogenetic sense, the genus Staphylococcus is most closely related to
A. Mycobacterium
B. Clostridium
C. Gram negative soil bacteria like Streptomyces
D. E. coli

34. Which of the following are most efficient at transference of chromosomal DNA to F- cells?
A. F+ cells
B. lysogenized cells
C. Hfr cells
D. competent cells
E. none of the above

35. The indigenous (normal) microbiota of the large intestines is important because it
A. protects us from infections
B. helps the immune system develop normally
C. produces vitamins needed by us
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

36. Which of the following phenotypic changes result from the presence of the F plasmid in an E. coli cell?
A. presence of the F flagellum
B. presence of the F pilus
C. absence of receptors for the F pilus
D. B and C
E. all of the above

37. Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium in the genus _______ which has ______ as a reservoir and ______ as a vector.
A. Treponema/rat/flea
B. Neisseria/soil/flea
C. Treponema/humans/rat
D. Treponema/humans/humans
E. Neisseria/humans/humans

40. In the absence any external electron acceptors, some bacteria can carry out which of the following?
a. fermentations
b. methanogenesis
c. aerobic respiration
d. anaerobic respiration
e. a and c
f. none of the above

41. The genus Mycobacterium belongs to the ___ G+C group of the Gram __ bacteria and is an _____.
A. high / positive / aerobe
B. low / negative / anaerobe
C. high / negative /aerobe
D. low / positive / anaerobe

42. Which pair is most closely related in a phylogenetic sense?
a. Clostridium/Archaea
b. fungi/mitochondria
c. Archaea/humans
d. fungi/humans

43. Most ATP production in aerobic bacteria is via
a. anaerobic respiration
b. substrate-level phosphorylation
c. oxidative phosphorylation via ATPases
d. a and b

44. Which of the following is a characteristic of both eubacteria and eucaryotes?
a. a cell nucleus
b. neither have cell walls
c. ester-linked membrane lipids
d. none of the above

46. In the Basidiomycetes, production of a mushroom is preceded by mating of
a. 2 haploid hyphae of opposite mating type
b. 2 haploid hyphae of the same mating type
c. 2 diploid hyphae of opposite mating type
d. 2 diploid hyphae of the same mating type

47. Rhizobium is a
a. N2-fixing, Gram +, Proteobacterium
b. species of Gram - bacteria that is anaerobic and causes a plant disease
c. N2-fixing, Gram -, Archaebacterium
d. N2-fixing, Gram -, cyanobacterium
e. none of the above

48. During denitrification (a form of anaerobic respiration), nitrate serves as a(n)
a. e- donor and is oxidized to a gaseous form of nitrogen
b. e- acceptor and is oxidized to a gaseous form of nitrogen
c. H+ donor and are oxidized
d. H+ donor and are reduced
e. e- acceptor and are oxidized

49. The proton gradient across bacterial membranes is involved in
a. generation of ATP in the presence of an external electron acceptor
b. active transport of some ions
c. rotation of bacterial flagella
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

50. Which of the following processes are carried out only by procaryotes?
a. nitrification
b. nitrogen mineralization (decomposition)
c. all of the above
d. none of the above

51. The genus Propionibacterium belongs to the ___ G+C group of the Gram __ bacteria.
a. high / positive
b. low / negative
c. high / negative
d. low / positive

52. If an organism can get all of its energy from a compound such as ammonia (NH3) it is a
a. photoheterotroph
b. chemoautotroph
c. photoautotroph
d. chemophototroph

53. Penicillin
a. interferes with the formation of peptide linkages between N-acetylmuramic acids
b. breaks Beta 1-4 linkages between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
c. attacks the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria
d. affects only non-growing cells

57. The discovery that genes are made of DNA occurred in experiments involving
A. transduction E. coli
B. transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. transformation of E. coli
D. transduction of S. pneumoniae

59. Endomycorrhizae are in the ___ group of fungi and aid plants in _____.
A. Ascomycetes / uptake of nitrogen
B. Ascomycetes / uptake of phosphorus
C. Zygomycetes / nitrogen fixation
D. Ascomycetes / nitrogen fixation
E. Zygomycetes / uptake of phosphorus

60. Cows and other ruminants get most nitrogen they need for growth from
a. fixation of nitrogen (N2) by bacteria in the rumen
b. anaerobic bacterial respiration products
c. methanogenic fermentations
d. bacterial fermentation products
e. b, c, and d

62. Which of the following represents a major line of decent within the Archaea?
a. Gram positive bacteria
b. Proteobacteria
c. extreme halophiles
d. Eubacteria

63. The genus Streptomyces belongs to the _______ G+C group of the Gram ______ bacteria. a. high / positive
b. low / negative
c. high / negative
d. low / positive

64. In the nitrogen cycle, mineralization is carried out by
a. autotrophs
b. heterotrophs
c. N-fixing fungi
d. N-fixing bacteria

65. Anaerobic respiration encompasses which of the following
a. assimilative nitrate reduction
b. dissimilative nitrate reduction
c. denitrification
d. both b and c

66. Denitrification is carried out by
a. anaerobic chemoautotrophs
b. aerobic chemoautrophs
c. anaerobic chemoheterotrophs
d. aerobic chemoheterotrophs

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