IPHY 3410
Instructor: Dr. Leif Saul
Fall 2023
IPHY 3410Instructor: Dr. Leif Saul
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NOTE: The questions below relate to the recent lectures (Lectures #23-27) that are covered on the final exam. The final exam also includes material from old lectures, as detailed here.
1. Which of the following carry both afferent and efferent nerve signals?
A. Dorsal root
B. Dorsal ramus
C. Spinal nerve
D. B and C
E. All of the above
2. The sympathetic nervous system
A. Contains afferent neurons
B. Is the somatic motor division of the nervous system
C. Is the visceral sensory division of the nervous system
D. Includes both somatic motor and visceral sensory neurons
E. None of the above
3. You fall on your back while skiing. The cold sensations in your back follow what sensory pathway to the spinal cord?
A. Dorsal ramus -> spinal nerve ->dorsal root ganglion -> dorsal root -> spinal cord
B. Dorsal root -> dorsal root gangion -> dorsal ramus -> spinal nerve -> spinal cord
C. Spinal nerve -> sympathetic trunk ganglion -> spinal nerve -> dorsal root -> spinal cord
D. Ventral ramus -> spinal nerve -> ventral root > spinal cord
E. Dorsal ramus -> spinal nerve -> ventral root -> spinal cord
4. Before the bacterial cause of stomach ulcers was known, a more extreme treatment called vagotomy (cutting of the vagus nerve) was sometimes performed. If both vagus nerves are completely removed, what would be a likely result?
A. Rapid heartbeat
B. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
C. Inability to hear
D. Inability to breathe
E. Excessive sweating
5. The parasympathetic nervous system, unlike the sympathetic nervous system, is characterized by:
A. The secretion of acetylcholine by the preganglionic neuron
B. More axon branches, enabling a more coordinated response
C. Longer preganglionic axons
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
6. The adrenal medulla
A. Secretes mainly norepinephrine
B. Secretes mainly acetylcholine
C. Secretes into the blood (via the interstitial fluid)
D. A and C
E. B and C
7. Assuming no structures are damaged, where would you expect the fluids produced in a middle ear infection to drain into?
A. External acoustic meatus
B. Scala tympani
C. Otitis media
D. Vestibule
E. Pharynx
8. A team of microscopic science fiction characters find themselves swimming in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli. Which of the following would they be able to reach merely by swimming?
A. Round window
B. Oval window
C. Tectorial membrane
D. A and B
E. All of the above
9. The optic nerve
A. Is attached at the part of the retina corresponding to the center of the visual field
B. Consists of the axons of bipolar cells
C. Is part of the fibrous layer of the eye
D. Contains both sensory and motor pathways
E. Is attached to the optic chiasma
10. The pinna
A. Stabilizes the auditory ossicles to prevent damage from a loud noise
B. Supports the scala media, scala tympani, and scala vestibuli
C. Provides rigid support to the ciliary body
D. Is found in males but not females
E. None of the above
11. Focusing the eye on a distant object (as opposed to focusing on a nearby object) requires
A. Contraction of the ciliary body
B. Contraction of the iris
C. Flattening the lens
D. Releasing tension in the ciliary zonule
E. C and D
12. The special senses include:
A. Vision and hearing
B. Equilibrium
C. Olfaction and gustation
D. A and B
E. All of the above
13. Choose the correct sequence of steps in the circulation of aqueous humor (some steps omitted):
A. Posterior segment -> anterior segment -> ciliary body
B. Anterior segment -> posterior segment -> scleral venous sinus
C. Ciliary body -> posterior segment -> anterior chamber
D. Scleral venous sinus -> anterior chamber -> posterior chamber
E. Posterior chamber -> anterior chamber -> scleral venous sinus
14. The fovea centralis
A. Contains both rods and cones
B. Is not sensitive to color
C. Detects light from the peripheral field of vision
D. Provides the most acute visual discrimination
E. Is where the optic nerve connects to the retina
15. The limbic system includes
A. Hippocampus
B. Cingulate gyrus
C. Reticular formation
D. A and B
E. All of the above
16. The metencephalon develops into the
A. Pons
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Midbrain
E. A and B
17. Half of all the brain's neurons are found in the:
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Hippocampus
C. Cerebellum
D. Cerebrum
E. Reticular formation
18. Functions of the insula include:
A. Integrate sensory information
B. General visceral senses
C. The conscious experience of balance
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
19. What function(s) occur(s) in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
A. Resorption
B. Secretion
C. Filtration
D. A and B
E. All of the above
20. Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the kidney nephron or collecting duct?
A. Thin segment of the loop of Henle
B. Thick segment of the loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Collecting duct
21. Indicate the correct pathway in the flow of urine (initially blood plasma) (many steps omitted):
A. Glomerulus -> glomerular capsule -> urethra -> ureter
B. Podocytes -> proximal convoluted tubule -> distal convoluted tubule -> loop of Henle
C. Renal corpuscle -> proximal convoluted tubule -> thin segment of loop of Henle -> thick segment of loop of Henle
D. Podocytes -> distal convoluted tubule -> loop of Henle -> proximal convoluted tubule
E. Collecting duct -> nephron -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
22. Choose the correct order of events (many steps omitted) in the pathway of sound vibrations:
(1) Incus vibrates, (2) Malleus vibrates, (3) Oval window vibrates, (4) Round window vibrates, (5) Basilar membrane vibrates, (6) Perilymph of scala tympani vibrates, (7) Endolymph of scala media vibrates, (8) Tympanic membrane vibrates.
A. 8 --> 2 --> 1 --> 3 --> 7 --> 5 --> 6 --> 4
B. 6 --> 1 --> 2 --> 4 --> 7 --> 5 --> 8 --> 3
C. 2 --> 1 --> 3 --> 7 --> 5 --> 6 --> 8 --> 4
D. 8 --> 1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 7 --> 5 --> 6 --> 4
E. 8 --> 2 --> 1 --> 4 --> 7 --> 5 --> 6 --> 3
23. The space that lies outside the outermost meninges of the spinal cord is called the
A. Epidural space
B. Subarachnoid space
C. Subdural space
D. Ganglionic space
E. Intravertebral space
24. Cranial Nerve VIII is part of the pathway carrying signals to the brain from the
A. Cristae ampullares
B. Cochlear nerve
C. Hair cells of the Organ of Corti
D. B and C
E. All of the above
25. Which of the following structures contains melanin?
A. Retina
B. Vitreous humor
C. Sclera
D. Lens
E. None of the above
26. A nerve that carries exclusively afferent pathways
A. Cannot exist
B. Must be a spinal nerve
C. Must be a cranial nerve
D. Could be either a spinal nerve or a cranial nerve
E. Occurs in young children, but not in adults
27. The diagram at right is the same one presented in class to show two neurons in one of the divisions of the peripheral nervous system. What division of the peripheral nervous system do these neurons belong to? |
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28. In the diagram used for Question 27, Structure A is a _____ and Structure B is the site of _____ release.
A. Ventral ramus; acetylcholine
B. Spinal nerve; acetylcholine
C. Dorsal ramus; norepinephrine
D. Ventral ramus; norepinephrine
E. Spinal nerve; norepinephrine
29. The auditory cortex is found on which of the following lobes?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Insula
D. Frontal lobe
E. Parietal lobe
30. Which of the following indicates the correct order in which light will first reach each structure as it enters and travels to the back of the eye? (Some steps have been omitted to conserve space.) Note: This question is not asking about the nervous signal.
a. Cornea --> aqueous humor --> vitreous humor --> photoreceptors --> ganglion cells
b. Pupil --> aqueous humor --> lens --> vitreous humor --> retina
c. Aqueous humor --> lens --> vitreous humor --> ganglion cells --> photoreceptors
d. Cornea --> lens --> vitreous humor --> photoreceptors --> ganglion cells
e. Lens --> aqueous humor --> vitreous humor --> bipolar cells --> ganglion cells
31. The maculae of the ear are responsible for sensation of which of the following stimuli?
a. Rotation
b. Linear acceleration
c. Acceleration due to gravity
d. b and c
e. All of the above
32. What phenomenon is caused specifically by the anatomy of the optic disc?
a. The point of greatest visual acuity in the visual field
b. Stereoscopic vision
c. The blind spot
d. Floaters
e. Ability to easily transplant corneas
33. Which of the following is/are (a) component(s) of the renal cortex?
a. Renal pyramids
b. Glomerulus
c. Distal convoluted tubule
d. b and c
e. All of the above
34. Where in the male reproductive tract are sperm and semen first merged together?
a. Epididymis
b. Ejaculatory duct
c. Urethra
d. Testis
e. Seminal vesicle
35. A lubricating gland of the female reproductive system is
a. Bulbourethral gland
b. Seminal gland
c. Greater vestibular gland
d. Ovary
e. Prostate gland
36. The penile urethra is homologous to what structure in the female?
a. Clitoris
b. Vagina
c. Fimbriae
d. Labia majora
e. None of the above
ANSWERS
1. D
2. E
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. E
8. D
9. E
10. E
11. C
12. E
13. E
14. D
15. D
16. E
17. C
18. D
19. D
20. A
21. C
22. A
23. A
24. E
25. A
26. C
27. A
28. B
29. B
30. C
31. D
32. C
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. E